Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 26 No 5 (2022): 1102 - 1111

 

CONVERTING WASTE CHICKEN BONES INTO HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM WASTE COOKING OIL

 

(Pertukaran Sisa Tulang Ayam kepada Mangkin Hetrogen Bagi Penghasilan Biodiesel dari Minyak Masak Terpakai)

 

Jeyashelly Andas* and Nur Fazira Elyana Jusoh

 

Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: drshelly@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 16 November 2021; Accepted: 5 February 2022; Published:  30 October 2022

 

 

Abstract

Depletion of non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum has triggered researchers to design a green catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel. Thus, in this study, chicken bones were subjected to calcination-hydration-dehydration treatment to obtain a catalyst of high activity for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The catalyst prepared via calcination-hydration-dehydration treatment (C900-600) exhibited improved surface area (SBET, 71.14 m2g-1) and BJH pore diameter of 31.03 nm, in comparison with chicken bone derived catalyst calcined at    900 ˚C (C900) and commercial CaO with 31.72 m2g-1, 29.35 nm and 2.21 m2g-1, 15.98 nm, respectively. After 45 min, the activity of 5 wt.% catalysts in the transesterification of WCO with 1:15 oil to methanol ratio at 65 °C, increased as the following trend: C900-600 (92.15%) > C900 (80.63%) > commercial CaO (73.30%). C900-600 was truly a stable and reused catalyst, sustaining its activity of 87.00% even after five consecutive cycles. This research undoubtedly promises a cheap utilization of waste chicken bones for the conversion of WCO into renewable energy sources.

 

Keywords: waste chicken bones, biodiesel, waste cooking oil, acid value, reusability 

 

Abstrak

Kekurangan sumber tenaga yang tidak boleh diperbaharui seperti petroleum telah mendorong para penyelidik untuk menghasilkan mangkin hijau untuk sintesis biodiesel. Maka, dalam penyelidikan ini, sisa tulang ayam telah dirawat menggunakan kalsinasi-hidrasi-dehidrasi untuk menghasilkan mangkin yang aktif  dalam penghasilan biodiesel dari minyak masak terpakai. Ciri fizikokimia mangkin telah dianalisis menggunakan Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan N2 penjerapan-penyahjerapan. Mangkin yang disediakan menggunakan rawatan kalsinasi-hidrasi-dehidrasi (C900-600)menunjukkan peningkatan luas permukaan BET (SBET, 71.14 m2g-1) dan diameter liang BJH; 31.03 nm, dibandingkan dengan mangkin dari sisa tulang ayam yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 900 ˚C (C900) dan CaO komersial dengan masing-masing merekodkan 31.72 m2g-1, 29.35 nm dan 2.21 m2g-1, 15.98 nm. Selepas 45 min, aktiviti mangkin (5% berat) dalam transesterifikasi minyak masak terpakai dengan nisbah minyak dan metanol 1:15 pada 65 °C meningkat berdasarkan tren berikut: C900-600 (92.15%)> C900 (80.63%)> CaO komersial (73.30% ). C900-600 merupakan mangkin yang stabil dan boleh digunapakai, mengekalkan aktivitinya sebanyak 87.00% walaupun setelah lima kekerapan dikitar semula. Penyelidikan ini pasti menjanjikan penggunaan sisa tulang ayam yang murah untuk penukaran minyak masak terpakai menjadi sumber tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui.

 

Kata kunci: sisa tulang ayam, biodiesel, minyak masak terpakai, nilai asid, kitar semula

 

 

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