Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 26 No 4 (2022): 734 - 741

 

 

 

 

THE ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF MALAYSIAN ENDANGERED SPECIES Coscinium fenestratum FROM PAYA BUNGOR PAHANG

 

(Potensi Sifat Antibakteria, Antikulat, Antioksida dan Jumlah Kandungan Fenolik Cosinium fenestratum Spesies Terancam Malaysia dari Paya Bungor Pahang)

 

Aiza Harun¹*, Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz², Shaari Daud¹

 

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences

²Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, 26400 Bandar Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  aizaharun@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received:  21 January 2022; Accepted:  2 April 2022; Published:  25 August 2022

 

 

Abstract

Coscinium fenestratum (family: Menispermaceae), which is locally known as akar sekunyit, is one of the endangered species in Malaysia. C. fenestratum is wildly grown in the forest reserve, Paya Bungor, Pahang. This study aims to investigate the potential of C. fenestratum as an antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant agent as well as its total phenolic content. Four types of extracts were prepared from the consecutive soaking using hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol. All types of extracts were assessed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using the disc diffusion method against Salmonella thypi ATCC 10708, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli UPMC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404. The potency of this species as an antioxidant agent was evaluated using semiquantitative staining dot blot assay against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The total phenolic content was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phytochemical screening for all types of extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, terpenoid, phenolic, and saponin. All extracts with the concentration of 1,000 ppm demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities against S. aureus ATCC 43300 and C. albicans ATCC 90028 but none for the rest of the bacteria and fungi. The methanol extract was more active with a moderate inhibition zone. The semiquantitative staining dot blot assay against DPPH revealed that the lowest concentration of methanol extract for DPPH inhibition was at the concentration of 0.012 mg/ml, and the DCM extract showed that the DPPH inhibition was at 0.006 mg/ml. However, the methanol extract of C. fenestratum had a higher total phenolic content (TPC) with the value of 12.722 mg GAE/g sample compared to the DCM extract at 8.627 mg GAE/g sample. Hence, both methanol extract and DCM extract of C. fenestratum exhibited stimulating antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with potent phenolic content.

 

Keywords:  Coscinium fenestratum, antibacterial, antifungal, akar sekunyit, antioxidant

 

Abstrak

Coscinium fenestratum (keluarga: Menispermaceae) yang dikenali sebagai akar sekunyit adalah salah satu spesies terancam di Malaysia iaitu Pahang dan ia tumbuh secara liar di hutan simpan Paya Bungor Pahang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat potensi C. fenestratum sebagai agen antibakteria, antikulat dan antioksidan serta jumlah kandungan fenolik. Empat jenis ekstrak telah disediakan daripada rendaman berturut-turut menggunakan heksana, diklorometana (DCM), etil asetat dan metanol. Semua jenis ekstrak telah dinilai untuk aktiviti antibakteria dan antikulat menggunakan kaedah penyebaran cakera terhadap Salmonella thypi ATCC 10708, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Escherichia coli UPMC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 90028 dan Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 90028. Keupayaan spesies ini sebagai agen antioksida dinilai daripada ujian bintik-bintik pewarnaan semikuantitatif terhadap DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Jumlah kandungan fenolik dinilai menggunakan kaedah Folin-Ciocalteu. Pemeriksaan fitokimia untuk semua jenis ekstrak mendedahkan kehadiran alkaloid, terpenoid, fenolik dan saponin. Semua ekstrak dengan kepekatan 1,000 ppm menunjukkan aktiviti antibakteria dan antikulat terhadap S. aureus ATCC 43300 dan C. albicans ATCC 90028, tetapi aktiviti itu tidak dapat dilihat untuk bakteria dan kulat yang lain. Ekstrak metanol didapati sebagai ekstrak yang lebih aktif dengan zon perencatan sederhana berbanding dengan ekstrak yang lain. Ujian bintik-bintik pewarnaan separa kuantitatif terhadap DPPH mendedahkan bahawa kepekatan terendah ekstrak metanol untuk perencatan DPPH adalah pada kepekatan 0.012 mg/ml dan ekstrak DCM menunjukkan perencatan DPPH pada 0.006 mg/ml. Walau bagaimanapun, ekstrak metanol C. fenestratum mempunyai jumlah kandungan fenolik yang lebih tinggi dengan nilai 12.722 mg sampel GAE/g berbanding ekstrak DCM pada 8.627 mg sampel GAE/g. Oleh itu, adalah disahkan bahawa kedua-dua ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak DCM C. fenestratum mempamerkan sifat antimikrob dan antioksida yang baik dan sederhana dengan kandungan fenolik yang memberangsangkan.

 

Kata kunci:  Coscinium fenestratum, antibakteria, antikulat, akar sekunyit, antioksida

 

Graphical Abstract

 

 

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