Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 26 No 2 (2022): 384 - 398

 

 

 

 

ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM BANANA TRUNK USING ZINC CHLORIDE ACTIVATION

 

(Penjerapan Metilena Biru daripada Larutan Akueus oleh Karbon Teraktif yang Disediakan dari Batang Pisang secara Pengaktifan Zink Klorida)

 

Zaidi Ab Ghani1*, Muhammad Taufiq Hafizuddin R. Azemi1, Mohd Hafiz Yaacob1, Noor Hafizah Uyup1, Lee Sin Ang1, Nor Azliza Akbar2

 

1Faculty of Applied Science,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia.

2School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  zaidi433@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 10 September 2021; Accepted: 18 December 2021; Published:  28 April 2022

 

 

Abstract

In this study, the banana trunk-derived activated carbon (BTAC) used was prepared via zinc chloride (ZnCl2) activation. BTAC is used as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solutions. The BET surface area, total pore volume and pore diameters of the BTAC were 1329.5 m2/g, 1.16 cm3/g and 3.8 nm, respectively. The effect of adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, contact time and solution pH were studied in batch experiments. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherms model. Data analysis study via RMSE and 2 analyses suggested that Temkin isotherm model was the best fitted with the adsorption of MB on BTAC. The maximum monolayer adsorption of MB onto BTAC was calculated to be 217 mg/g. Kinetic parameters were evaluated based on pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion (IPD) kinetic models. The regression results showed that a PSO model is more accurately representing the adsorption kinetics. While the plot of qt versus t1/2 for the IPD model represented multi-linearity and proved that the adsorption processes occurred more than one step. Thermodynamics parameters were determined between temperatures of 25 to 40 °C. The ΔG° and ΔH° values were negative and the overall adsorption process was determined as spontaneous and exothermic. While the positive value of ΔS° proposed good affinity of the MB molecules toward the BTAC. The results from this study suggested that BTAC could be a viable adsorbent in managing higher concentrations of dyes from water and wastewater.

 

Keywords:  adsorption, activated carbon, methylene blue, isotherm, kinetic

 

Abstrak

Dalam kajian ini, karbon teraktif daripada batang pisang (BTAC) yang digunakan telah disediakan melalui pengaktifan zink klorida (ZnCl2). BTAC telah digunakan sebagai penjerap untuk menyingkirkan metilena biru (MB) daripada larutan akueus. Keluasan permukakaan BET, jumlah isipadu dan diameter liang pori bagi BTAC masing-masing adalah 1329.5 m2/g, 1.16 cm3/g dan 3.8 nm. Kesan dos penjerap, kepekatan permulaan, masa kontak dan pH larutan dilakukan secara eksperimen kelompok. Data ekperimen telah dianalisa menggunakan model Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin dan Dubinin–Radushkevich. Analisa data kajian melalui RMSE dan 2 mencadangkan bahawa model isoterma Temkin adalah yang paling sesuai dengan penjerapan MB pada BTAC. Penjerapan lapisan-mono maksima MB kepada BTAC dikira sebagai 217 mg/g. Parameter kinetik telah dinilai berdasarkan model kinetik pseudo-pertama (PFO), pseudo-kedua (PSO) dan resapan intrazarah (IPD) Weber–Morris. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahawa model PSO lebih tepat mewakili kinetik penjerapan. Sementara plot qt melawan t1/2 untuk model IPD menunjukkan garisan linear yang pelbagai dan membuktikan bahawa proses penjerapan berlaku lebih daripada satu langkah. Parameter termodinamik telah ditentukan di antara suhu 25 hingga 40 °C. Nilai ΔG° dan ΔH° adalah negatif, maka keseluruhan proses penjerapan telah ditentukan sebagai spontan dan eksotermik. Sementara itu, nilai positif bagi ΔS° mencadangkan bahawa pertalian yang baik diantara molekul MB terhadap BTAC. Keputusan dari kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa BTAC mampu menjadi penjerap yang berkesan dalam menguruskan kepekatan pewarna yang lebih tinggi dari air dan air sisa.

 

Kata kunci:  penjerapan, karbon teraktif, metilena biru, isoterma, kinetik

 

 

 


Graphical Abstract

 

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