Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 5 (2021): 808 - 820

 

 

 

 

CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING OF Syzygium cumini LEAVES USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY TECHNIQUES

 

(Profil Kromatografi bagi daun Syzygium cumini mengunakan Teknik Kromatografi Lapisan Nipis Prestasi Tinggi dan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrometri Jisim)

 

Joshi Vivek¹*, Mer Sagar¹, Bhagat Keyuri¹, Savalia Vaibhavi¹, Dhalani Jayesh², Pandya Mayank², Pandya Devang¹

 

¹School of Pharmacy

²Department of Chemistry, School of Science

RK University, Rajkot - 360020, Gujarat, India

 

*Corresponding author:  vjoshi850@rku.ac.in

 

 

Received:  15 June 2021; Accepted: 16 September 2021; Published:  25 October 2021

 

 

Abstract

Global use of traditional medicinal plants has increased logarithmically in the past few decades. Leaves of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) contain important classes of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phenols, fixed oils, monoterpenoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Since community health is at risk due to improper knowledge and unenforced standardization parameters for herbal formulations, the focus of the study was to develop high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting and to identify phytoconstituents through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). HPTLC fingerprinting of the methanolic extract of the leaves of S. cumini was performed using the mobile phase chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate (6:4:6) after several pilot thin layer chromatography (TLC) analyses, which revealed 14 peaks at 254 nm and 10 peaks at 366 nm. Also, qualitative analysis of the same was performed using GC-MS, which revealed 9 phytoconstituents, some of them possessing known pharmacological activity. Such fingerprint analysis using sophisticated chromatographic and spectral techniques can contribute to the quality control in herbal industries; help in assuring purity, efficacy, and safety of the formulations by detection of adulteration; as well as broaden the horizon of phytochemical research, including the isolation of a marker therefrom.

 

Keywords:  Syzygium cumini, adulteration, fingerprinting, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, high-performance thin layer chromatography, standardization

 

Abstrak

Pengunaan tumbuhan bagi perubatan traditional secara global telah meningkat bagi tempoh beberapa dekad yang lepas. Daun Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) mengandungi jujukan fito aktif secara farmakologi merupakan kelas utama seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, glikosida, fenol, minyak, monoterpenoids, steroids, dan triterpenoids. Semenjak kesihatan komuniti berada pada keadaan berisiko disebabkan oleh maklumat yang kurang tepat dan tidak peguatkuasaan piawaian parameter bagi formulasi herbal, maka fokus kajian ini untuk membangunkan pencapjarian kromatografi lapisan nipis prestasi tinggi (HPTLC) dan mengenalpasti jujukan fito melalui kromatografi gas dan spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Pencapjarian HPTLC terhadap ekstrak metanol bagi daun S. cumini telah dijalankan mengunakan fasa bergerak klorofom: metanol: etil asetat (6:4:6) selepas beberapa analisis pilot kromatografi lapisan nipis (TLC), ia menjelaskan terdapat 14 puncak pada 254 nm dan 10 puncak pada 366 nm. Juga, analisis kualitatif telah dijalankan mengunakan GC-MS, dimana ia menjelaskan 9 jujukan fito, sebahagian dikenalpasti mempunyai aktiviti farmakologi. Analisis capjari mengunakan teknik kromatografi dan spekta boleh menyumbang kepada kawalan kualiti dalam industri herba; membantu dalam jaminan ketulenan, kejituan dan keselamatan dalam formulasi dengan cara mengenal pemalsuan; juga pengembangan bidang kajian fitokimia, termasuklah pemencilan penanda kimia.

 

Kata kunci:  Syzygium cumini, pemalsuan, pencapjarian, kromatografi gas dan spektrometri jisim, kromatografi lapisan nipis prestasi tinggi, pemiawaian

 

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