Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 1 (2021): 119 - 128

 

 

 

 

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES ON THREE MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR POTENT ANTI-SOFT ROT AGENTS

 

(Fitokimia dan Sifat Antibakteria Tiga Jenis Pokok Berubat sebagai Agen Anti Reput Buah)

 

Airiel Daniel Daud¹, Nur Suhada Azman¹, Nur Izni Ainina Alias¹, Norfatihah Syaifudin¹, Aiza Harun¹*, Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz²

 

¹ Faculty of Applied Science,

² Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia. 26400 Bandar Tun Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  aizaharun@.uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 13 December 2020; Published:  20 February 2021

 

 

Abstract

Gynura procumbens, Murraya koenigii, and Cosmos caudatus are among the readily homegrown medicinal plants possessing ethnomedicinal applications. The lack of studies on the utilisation of these plants against plant pathogen has driven this study to investigate these plants as a potential for plant pathogen soft rot disease and proposed structures. Antibacterial activity of three types of extracts of each plant species was conducted against a gram-positive soft rot disease bacterium of Erwinia chrysanthemi. An agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate antibacterial activity on the extracts against E. chrysanthemi. A thin layer chromatographic technique (TLC) was used to screen the presence of phytochemicals. The molecular structures of the anti-soft rot agents were based on the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and comparison with literature. The phytochemicals of alkaloid, terpenoid, and phenolics were detected in all plant species. All extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against E. chrysanthemi, and the activity was in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest inhibition zone was recorded as 12 mm from the methanol extract of C. caudatus. Infrared analysis recorded functional groups of hydroxyl (OH), carbon double bond (C=C), and carbonyl (C=O) in which these groups of molecules might be retained inside the active compounds. Using TLC, IR, NMR and comparison with the available literature, the anti-soft rot agents were proposed as a phenolic compound known as rutin (1), triterpenoid saponin (2), hydroxycinnamic acid ester (3), caffeic acid (4), quinic acid (5), and alkaloid derivatives (6). These results could provide scientific baseline information for the development of natural pesticide to control anti-soft rot disease.

 

Keywords:  antibacterial activity, anti-soft rot, phytochemicals, medicinal plants, Erwinia chrysanthemi

 

Abstrak

Gynura procumbens, Murraya koenigii, dan Cosmos caudatus merupakan pokok tumbuhan berubat yang sangat dikenali kerana penggunaannya dalam perubatan tradisional. Akibat kekurangan kajian ketiga-tiga pokok ini terhadap patogen tumbuhan, maka fokus kajian adalah untuk melihat potensi sifat antibakteria ketiga-tiga pokok ini terhadap patogen penyakit reput buah dan juga mencadangkan struktur agen anti reput buah. Aktiviti antimikrob ini telah dilakukan ke atas satu bakteria gram positif iaitu Erwinia chrysanthemi. Teknik penyerakan cakera agar telah digunakan untuk menilai keberkesanan aktiviti antibakteria untuk semua jenis ekstrak tumbuhan. Teknik pemisahan kromatografi lapisan nipis (KLN) telah digunakan untuk melihat kehadiran bahan fitokimia. Cadangan struktur kimia agen anti-reput buah telah dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi nukleus hidrogen teraruh, spektroskopi infra merah dan perbandingan dengan kajian lepas. Fitokimia jenis alkaloid, terpen dan fenolik telah dikesan di dalam ekstrak ketiga-tiga jenis pokok. Kesemua ekstrak menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob dan aktiviti ini berkadar terus dengan kepekatan ekstrak. Zon perencatan yang tertinggi diperolehi daripada ekstrak methanol C.caudatus iaitu sepanjang 12 mm. Analisa infra merah ekstrak ketiga-tiga pokok telah merekodkan kehadiran kumpulan berfungsi jenis hidroksil (OH), karbon ikatan ganda dua (C=C) dan kumpulan karbonil (C=O) di mana ia berkemungkinan berada di dalam struktur aktif ekstrak pokok. Selepas analisa KLN, infra merah dan spektroskopi nukleus magnetik resonan dan perbandingan dengan kajian lepas dijalankan terhadap ekstrak tumbuhan,  struktur agen anti reput buah telah dicadangkan sebagai sebatian fenolik jenis rutin (1), terpen saponin (2), ester asid hidroksisinamik (3), asid kafeik (4), asid kuinik (5), dan terbitan alkaloid (6). Hasil kajian diharap dapat menyediakan maklumat saintifik asas dalam pembuatan racun makhluk perosak semulajadi untuk mengawal penyakit anti reput buah.

 

Kata kunci:  aktiviti antibakteria, anti reput buah, fitokimia, tumbuhan berubat, Erwinia chrysanthemi

 

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