Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 6 (2020): 838 - 847

 

 

 

 

VALIDATION AND DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS BY DIFFERENTIAL PULSE ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE AT A BARE GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE

 

(Validasi dan Penentuan Asid Askorbik dalam Tablet Multivitamin Menggunakan Teknik Voltammetrik Perlucutan Anodik Denyutan Pembezaan pada Elektrod Karbon Berkaca)

 

Nur Syamimi Zainudin*, Siti Norbaitina Shaari, Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah

 

Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  nursyamimizainudin@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 8 August 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published:  10 December 2020

 

 

Abstract

Growth of multivitamin tablet production increases curiosity among the researchers whether ascorbic acid (AA) content is in accordance with the standards or not. The differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique using bare glassy carbon electrode and phosphate buffer at pH 4.2 has been proposed to analyse the ascorbic acid content. The experimental voltammetric parameters were optimized to obtain a maximum response with analytical validation of the technique. The optimum instrumental conditions for electroanalytical determination of AA by the proposed DPASV technique were initial potential = 0 V, final potential = 0.7 V, accumulation time = 60 s, scan rate = 0.125 V/s, accumulation potential = 0 V and pulse amplitude = 0.150 V. The curve was linear from 5 mg L^-1 to 300 mg L^-1 (R² = 0.9999) with detection limit of 0.25 mg L^-1. The precisions in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) were 1.3%, 0.5% and 0.06%. The recoveries for AA content in the two multivitamin tablets were 98% and 102%, respectively. It can be concluded that the proposed technique is precise, accurate, rugged, low cost, fast and has the potential to be an alternative method for routine analysis of AA in other pharmaceutical products in future.

 

Keywords:  ascorbic acid, glassy carbon electrode, voltammetry, multivitamin

 

Abstrak

Pertambahan penghasilan multivitamin dalam bentuk tablet telah meningkatkan rasa ingin tahu para penyelidik samada kandungan asid askorbik (AA) memenuhi piawaian atau tidak. Teknik perlucutan anodik denyutan pembezaan yang menggunakan elektrod karbon berkaca tanpa pengubahsuaian dan larutan penimbal fosfat (pH 4.2) telah dicadangkan untuk menganalisa kandungan asid askorbik. Parameter-parameter eksperimen voltammetrik dioptimakan untuk mendapatkan tindakbalas maksima diikuti dengan validasi atau pengesahan teknik voltammetrik. Keadaan instrumentasi optima untuk penentuan AA dengan menggunakan teknik DPASV yang dicadangkan adalah keupayaan awal = 0 V, keupayaan akhir = 0.70 V, masa penjerapan = 60 s, kadar imbasan = 0.125 V/s, keupayaan penjerapan = 0 V dan amplitud denyut = 0.15 V. Keluk penentukuran adalah lurus daripada 5 mg L^-1 to 300 mg L^-1 (R² = 0.9999) dengan had pengesanan 0.25 mg L^-1. Kejituan dalam bentuk sisihan piawai relatif adalah 1.3%, 0.5% and 0.06%. Perolehan semula peratusan kandungan AA di dalam dua tablet multivitamin adalah 98% dan 102%. Kesimpulannya, teknik yang dicadangkan adalah jitu, tepat, tahan lasak, melibatkan kos yang rendah, cepat dan berpotensi untuk menjadi satu kaedah alternatif untuk menganalisa AA dalam produk pharmaseutikal yang lain pada masa akan datang.

 

Kata kunci:  asid askorbik, electrod karbon berkaca, voltammetri, multivitamin

 

References

1.      Eggersdorfer, M., Laudert, D., Letinos, U., McClymont, T., Medlock, J., Netscher, T. and Bonranth, W. (2012). One hundred years of vitamins-A success story of the natural science. Angewandte Chemie, 51: 12960-12990.

2.      Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Yan, J., Liu, M., Zhou, Y., Shen, X., Ma, Y., Feng, X., Yang, J. and Li, G. (2018). A review of the extraction and determination methods of thirteen essential vitamins to the human body: An update from 2010. Molecules, 23: 1-25.

3.      Masoud, R.S., and Zahra, A. (2014). A highly sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(2): 372-382.

4.      Packer, L., and Fuchs, J. (1997). Vitamin C in health and disease. CRC Press: pp. 1-525.

5.      Yilmaz, S., Sadikoglu, M., Saglikoglu, G., Yagmur, S. and Askin, G. (2008). Determination of ascorbic acid in tablet dosage forms and some fruit juices by DPV. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 3: 1534-1542.

6.      Sona, S., Jiri, M., Jiri, S., Mojmir, B., Jindrich, K. and Tunde, J. (2015). Determination of ascorbic acid by electrochemical techniques and other methods. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 10: 2421-2431.

7.      Pisoschi, A. M., Pop, A., Negulescu, G. P., and Pisoschi, A. (2011). Determination of ascorbic acid content of some fruit juices and wine by voltammetry performed at Pt and carbon paste electrodes. Molecules, 16: 1349-1365.

8.      Sadia, G., Azizuddin., Rafi, A., Kousar, Y., Fareed, A. and Iftekhar, S. (2014). Determination of ascorbic acid content of some capsicum cultivars by cyclic voltammetry performed at GCE by external standard series calibration method. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9: 5751-5762.

9.      Snezana, S. M., Danijela, A. K., Danijela, C. N. D., and Milan, N. M. (2011). Rapid and reliable HPLC method for the determination of vitamin C in pharmaceutical samples. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10(1): 105-111.

10.   Rahman, M. M., Khan, M. M. R., and Hosain, M. M. (2007). Analysis of vitamin c (ascorbic acid) contents in various fruits and vegetables by UV-spectrophotometry. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 42: 417-424.

11.   Gazdik, Z., Zitka, O., Petrlova, J., Adam, V., Zehnalek, J., Horna, A., Reznicek, V., Beklova, M. and Kizek, R. (2008). Determination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. Sensors, 8: 7097-7112.

12.   Papuc, C., Pop, A., Serban, M. (2001). Metode analitice in biochimia veterinara. editura printech (Bucharest) 2001: pp. 167-169.

13.   Matei, N., Magearu, V., Bieghila, S., Dobrinas, S. (2004). The determination of vitamin C from sweet cherries and cherries. Revista de Chimie (Bucharest), 55: 294-296.

14.   Santos, J., Mendiola, J. A., Oliveira, M. B., Ibáñez, E. and Herrero, M. (2012). Sequential determination of fat-and water-soluble vitamins in green leafy vegetables during storage. Journal of Chromatography A, 1261: 179-188.

15.   Klimczak, I. and Gliszczy´nska-Swigło, A. (2015). Comparison of UPLC and HPLC methods for determination of vitamin C. Food Chemistry. 175: 100-105.

16.   Mohamed, A. M. I., Mohamed, H. A., Abdel-Latif, N. M. and Mohamed, M. R. A. (2011). Spectrofluorimetric determination of some water-soluble vitamins. Journal of AOAC International, 94: 1758-1769.

17.   Mohamed, A. M., Mohamed, H. A., Mohamed, N. A. and El-Zahery, M. R. (2011). Chemometric methods for the simultaneous determination of some water-soluble vitamins. Journal of AOAC International. 94: 467-481.

18.   Da Silva, D. C, Visentainer, J. V., de Souza, N. E., and Oliveira, C. C. (2013). Micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for determination of the ten water-soluble vitamins in food supplements. Food Analytical Methods, 6: 1592-1606.

19.   Aurora-Prado, M. S., Silva, C. A., Tavares, M. F. M., and Altria, K. D. (2010). Rapid determination of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in commercial formulations by MEEKC. Chromatographia. 72: 687–694.

20.   Borowski, J., Szajdek, A., Borowska, E. J., Ciska, E., and Zielinski, H. (2008). Content of selected bioactive components and antioxidant properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). European Food Research and Technology. 226: 459-465.

21.   Radulescu, M. C., Bucur, B., Bucur, M. P. and Radu, G. L. (2014). Bienzymatic Biosensor for rapid detection of aspartame by flow injection analysis. Sensors, 14: 1028-1038.

22.   Amorello, D. and Orecchio, S. (2013). Micro-determination of dithiocarbamates in pesticide formulations using voltammetry. Microchemical Journal, 110: 334-339.

23.   Zhao, X., Tao, X., Wei, D. and Song, Q. (2006). Pharmacological activity and hydrolysis behaviour of novel ibuprofen glucopyranoside conjugates. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 41: 1352-1358.

24.   Nezamzadeh, A., Amini, M. K. and Faghihian, H. (2007). Square-wave voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid base on its electrocatalytic oxidation at zeolite-modified carbon-paste electrodes. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 2: 583-594.

25.   Raoof, J. B., Ojani R. and Beitollahi, H. (2007). Electrocatalytic determination of ascorbic acid at chemically modified carbon paste electrode with 2, 7-bis (ferrocenyl ethynyl) fluoren-9-one. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2: 534-548.

26.   Beitollahi, H., Ardakani, M. M., Naeimi H. and Ganjipour, B. (2009). Electrochemical characterization of 2,2’–[1,2-ethanediylbis(nitriloethylidine)]-bis-hydroquinone-carbon nanotube paste electrode and its application to simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic and uric acid. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 13: 353-363.

27.   Motahary, M., Ghoreishi, S. M., Behpour M. and Golestaneh, M. (2010). Electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid at the surface of a graphite electrode modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 40: 841-847.

28.   Zhao, G. H., Li, M. F., Li, M. L. (2007). Differetial pulse voltammetric determination of dopamine with the coexistence of ascorbic acid on boron-doped diamond surface. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 5: 1114-1123.

29.   Raoof, J. B., Kiani, A., Ojani, R., Valiollahi, R. and Rashid-Nadimi, S. (2010). Simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic acidand dopamine at the surface of electrodes modified with self-assembled gold nanoparticle films. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 14: 1171-1176.

30.   Cofan, C., Radovan, C. and Cinghita, D. (2009). Sumultaneous anodic assessment of ascorbic acid and acetaminophen in unbuffered solutions. Revista de Chimie. 60: 368-372.

31.   Miranda, M. P., del Rio, R., del Valle, M. A., Faundez, M. and Armijo, F. (2012). Use of fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes for lipoic acid determination in dietary supplements. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 668: 1-6.

32.   Barbara, Z. (2011). Voltammetric determination of vitamin C on a carbon electrode. Monograph: Electrochemistry, A Laboratory Textbook, Switzerland: pp 35-38,.

33.   Švorc, L., Sochr, J., Svĭtková, J., Riejav, M. and Bustin, D. (2013). Rapid and sensitive electrochemical determination of codeine in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using a boron-doped diamond film electrode. Electrochimica Acta, 87: 503-510.

34.   Nur Syamimi, Z., Mohamad Hadzri, Y. and Noor Zuhartini, M. M. (2016). Voltammetric determination of Reactive Black 5 in wastewater samples from the batik industry. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science, 20: 1254-1268.

35.   Jain, R. and Sharma, S. (2012). Glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes sensor for the quantification of antihistamine drug pheniramine in solubilized systems. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2(1): 56-61.

36.   Geremedhin, W., Amare, M. and Admassie, S. (2013). Electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection of fenitrothion in tap water and human urine. Electrochimica Acta, 87: 749-755.

37.   De Lima, F., Gozzi, F., Fiorucci, A. R., Cardoso, C. A. L., Arruda, G. J. and Ferreira, V. S. (2011). Determination of linuron in water and vegetable samples using stripping voltammetry with carbon paste electrode. Talanta, 83: 1763-1768.

38.   Ngai, K. S, Tan, W. T, Zulkarnain, Z., Ruzniza, M. Z. and Mohammed, Z. (2013). Voltammetry detection of ascorbic acid at glassy carbon electrode modified by single-walled carbon nanotube/zinc oxide. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8: 10557-10567.

39.   Jain, R. and Rather, J. A. (2011). Stripping voltammetry of tinidazole in solubilized system and biological fluids. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 378: 27-33.