Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 6
(2020): 1035 - 1044
FLAVONOIDS WITH
MONOAMINE OXIDASE A AND B INHIBITORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS FROM Vitex
grandifolia
(Flavonoid Bersama Perencat Moniamin Oksidase A dan B dan
Kesan Anti-Radang dari Vitex grandifolia)
Tijjani Ali*, Bello Oluwasesan Michael,
Abiodun B. Ogbesejana
Department of
Applied Chemistry,
Federal University
Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
*Corresponding
author: tali@fudutsinma.edu.ng
Received: 18 July 2019;
Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 10 December
2020
Abstract
Vitex grandifolia is a plant that
belongs to the Lamiaceae or Labiatae family. It is classified as an
underutilised vegetable with little known phytochemistry. Methanol fraction of
the leaves of the plant afforded the isolation of three known flavonoids:
isoorientin (1), orientin (2), and isovitexin (3). Spectroscopic techniques, namely
NMR and IR and comparison with data in the literature were used to assess the
structures of the isolated compounds. The molecules isolated were tested in vitro for monoamine oxidase A
(MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) human recombinant, and
anti-inflammatory activities. Mostly, the isolated compounds showed selective
activity towards MAO-B. Inhibition of MAO-B by isoorietin (1) and
orietin (2) was 9-fold more potent (IC50 [μg/mL] of
11.08 and 11.04) compared to the inhibition of MAO-A (IC50
[μg/mL] of ˃100), while clorgyline and deprenyl were used as the
positive standards. All flavonoids isolated from the plant displayed good
activity against NF-Kb with IC50 (μg/mL) of 8.9, 12, and 18.
The study shows a strong relationship between the structures of the flavonoids
isolated with its biological activities based on the different patterns of
substitution, particularly in C2=C3 bond and the
positions of glucose in the isolates. Furthermore, the study is the first of
its kind to determine the phytochemistry of the polar fraction of V. grandifolia, its anti-inflammatory,
and neurodegenerative protective roles.
Keywords: Vitex
grandifolia, underutilised vegetable, flavonoids, MAO-A and B,
neurodegenerative
Vitex grandifolia ialah
sejenis tumbuhan yang tergolong dalam keluarga Lamiaceae or Labiatae.
Ia diklasifikasikan sebagai sayur-sayuran yang kurang digunakan dengan sedikit
maklumat fitokimia. Pecahan metanol daun tumbuhan ini dapat memencilkan tiga
jenis flavonoid: isoorientin (1),
orientin (2), dan isovitexin (3). Teknik spektroskopi iaitu NMR dan
IR dan perbandingan dengan data dari kajian literatur digunakan untuk menilai
struktur sebatian yang dipencilkan. Molekul yang dipencilkan diuji secara in
vitro terhadap rekombinan manusia monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) dan monoamine
oxidase B (MAO-B), dan aktiviti anti-radang. Sebatian yang dipencilkan
kebanyakannya menunjukkan aktiviti memilih terhadap MAO-B. Perencatan MAO-B
oleh isooretin (1) dan orietin (2) adalah 9 kali ganda lebih
poten (IC50 [μg/mL] sebanyak 11.08 dan 11.04) berbanding
perencatan terhadap MAO-A (IC50 [μg/mL] > 100), dengan
menggunakan clorgyline dan deprenyl sebagai piawaian positif. Semua flavonoid
yang dipencilkan daripada tumbuhan menunjukkan aktiviti yang baik terhadap
NF-Kb with IC50 (μg/mL) sebanyak 8.9, 12, dan 18. Kajian ini
menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat antara struktur flavonoid yang dipencilkan
dengan aktiviti biologi berdasarkan pelbagai corak penggantian, terutamanya
pada ikatan C2=C3 bond dan kedudukan glukosa dalam
pencilan tersebut. Tambahan pula, kajian ini merupakan kajian pertama
seumpamanya yang menentukan fitokimia pecahan berkutub V. grandifolia, berserta fungsi anti-radang dan perlindungan
rosotan neuro.
Kata kunci: Vitex
grandifolia, sayur-sayuran yang kurang digunakan, flavonoids, MAO-A dan
B, rosotan neuro
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