Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 6 (2020): 1024 - 1034

 

 

 

 

INDUCTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CALLUS EXTRACT OF Piper betle L. var. Nigra

 

(Induksi Dan Pengenalpastian Sebatian Bioaktif dari Ekstrak Kalus Piper betle L. var. Nigra)

 

Junairiah¹*, Rizka Kusuma Rahmawati¹, Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara¹, Ni’matuzahroh¹, Manikya Pramudya¹, Lilis Sulistyorini²

 

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology

²Faculty of Public Health

Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C - Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

 

*Corresponding author:  alip.jun1@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 18 July 2019; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published:  10 December 2020

 

 

Abstract

Black betel (Piper betle L. var. Nigra) has been shown to have the potential for medicinal use. The black betel leaves contain 4.2% essential oil, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, eugenol, and chavicol. The application of plant tissue culture is needed to increase the production of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the combination of growth regulators (IBA, BAP, and kinetin) on the bioactive compounds of black betel callus extract. The experimental parts consisted of four treatments: I₂B₂, I_1.5B_1.5, I₂K_1.5, I₁K_1.5, and a control group. Callus induction time, fresh weight, dry weight, morphology, and bioactive compounds of black betel callus extract were observed. The findings showed that the combination of IBA and BAP, and IBA and kinetin influenced the growth of black betel leaves explants. The best concentration of growth regulators was the combination of 2 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L BAP, which give the results of 9.33 days callus induction time, 650.68 mg fresh weight, and 54.22 mg dry weight. The grown callus had white to light brown colour with a compact texture. Furthermore, different treatments resulted in different bioactive compounds contained in the black betel leaves callus extract. Supplementation of I₂B₂ resulted in an extract containing 15 compounds, I_1.5B_1.5 supplementation yielded 8 compounds, I₂K_1.5 12 compounds, and I₁K_1.5 13 compounds. The bioactive compounds were predominated by methyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside (28.69%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z; 15.07%), and hexadecanoic acid (11.03%).

 

Keywords:  callus induction, bioactive compounds, Piper betle L. var. Nigra, IBA, BAP, kinetin

 

Abstrak

Sirih hitam (Piper betle L. var Nigra) telah terbukti berpotensi dalam kegunaan perubatan. Daun sirih hitam mengandungi 4.2% minyak pati, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, eugenol, dan chavikol yang penting. Penggunaan kultur tisu tumbuhan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran metabolit sekunder. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan gabungan pengawal atur tumbesaran (IBA, BAP, dan kinetin) pada sebatian bioaktif ekstrak kalus sirih hitam. Bahagian eksperimen terdiri daripada empat rawatan: I₂B₂, I_1.5B_1.5, I₂K_1.5, I₁K_1.5 dan kumpulan kawalan. Masa induksi kalus, berat segar, berat kering, morfologi, dan sebatian bioaktif ekstrak kalus sirih hitam telah diperhatikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa gabungan IBA dan BAP, dan IBA dan kinetin mempengaruhi pertumbuhan eksplan daun sirih hitam. Kepekatan pengawal atur tumbesaran terbaik ialah gabungan 2 mg/L IBA dan 2 mg/L BAP yang memberikan hasil masa induksi kalus selama 9.33 hari, berat segar 650.68 mg, dan 54.22 mg berat kering. Kalus yang tumbuh mempunyai warna putih hingga coklat muda dengan tekstur yang padat. Selanjutnya, rawatan yang berbeza menghasilkan sebatian bioaktif berbeza yang terkandung dalam ekstrak kalus daun sirih hitam. Tambahan I₂B₂ menghasilkan ekstrak yang mengandungi 15 sebatian, tambahan I_1.5B_1.5 menghasilkan 8 sebatian, I₂K_1.5 12 sebatian, dan I₁K_1.5 13 sebatian. Sebatian bioaktif didominasi oleh metil-β-D-glukopiranosida (28.69%), asid 9,12-oktadekanoic (Z, Z; 15.07%), dan asid heksadekanoik (11.03%).

 

Kata kunci:  induksi kalus, sebatian bioaktif, Piper betle L. var. Nigra, IBA, BAP, kinetin

 

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