Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 6 (2020): 820 - 829

 

 

 

 

FIELD-AMPLIFIED SAMPLE INJECTION-CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF 5-FLUOROURACIL ANTICANCER DRUG

 

(Kaedah Suntikan Sampel Medan Dipertingkat-Elektroforesis Zon Kapilari untuk Analisa Ubat Antikanser 5-Fluorouracil)

 

Nur Shahz Ereena Zulkifli¹, Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim¹, Noorfatimah Yahaya³, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim^{1, 2}, Sazlinda Kamaruzaman⁴, Nur Idayu Mat Ghani¹, Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon ^{1, 2}*

 

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

²Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia

³Integrative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI),

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  aemi@utm.my

 

 

Received: 20 July 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020; Published:  10 December 2020

 

 

Abstract

Field-amplified sample injection-capillary zone electrophoresis (FASI-CZE) method was developed to enhance the detection sensitivity of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The analyte was introduced electrokinetically for 5 s into a capillary loaded with highly conductive background electrolyte (BGE). The injected analyte migrated in negative polarity, reducing separation time to 5 minutes as compared to positive polarity in hydrodynamic injection-CZE (18 minutes). FASI-CZE was optimized based on three parameters: Sample injection time (5 s, 10 s, and 40 s), BGE concentration in sample (3 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM) and BGE concentration (15 mM and 25 mM). Optimization of FASI-CZE was conducted to achieve optimal conditions as followed: 15 mM borate BGE containing 0.1% w/v hexadimethrine bromide (HDMB), 5-FU and 5-BrU (IS) prepared in 5 mM diluted BGE, 20% v/v organic modifier in mixture sample was injected at -5 kV for 5 s. The separation was conducted using -25 kV and detected at the wavelength of 234 nm in diode array detection (DAD). The precision was reasonable; %RSD 4.43% at low concentration levels (5 mg/L). The LOD value was 0.24 mg/L when applied with FASI as compared to 0.58 mg/L using HDI-CZE. The sensitivity enhancement factor (SEF) was almost 3 times higher than HDI-CZE at positive polarity, showing that the proposed of FASI-CZE approach is appropriate for the study of 5-FU at trace level.

 

Keywords:  5-fluorouracil, field-amplified sample injection, capillary electrophoresis, anticancer drug

 

Abstrak

Kaedah suntikan sampel medan dipertingkat-elektroforesis zon kapilari (FASI-CZE) dibangunkan untuk pertama kalinya bagi meningkatkan kepekaan pengesanan ubat antikanser 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Analit diperkenal secara elektrokinetik selama 5 s ke dalam kapilari yang dimuatkan dengan elektrolit latar belakang yang sangat konduktif (BGE). Analit yang disuntik berpindah dalam medan kutub negatif, mengurangkan masa pemisahan kepada 5 minit berbanding dengan medan kutub positif dalam suntikan hidrodinamik-CZE (18 minit). FASI-CZE  dioptimumkan berdasarkan tiga parameter: masa suntikan sampel (5s, 10s, dan 40s), kepekatan BGE dalam sampel (3 mM, 5 mM, dan 10 mM), dan kepekatan BGE (15 mM dan 25 mM). Pengoptimuman FASI-CZE dilakukan untuk mencapai keadaan yang optimum. Keadaan optimum untuk FASI-CZE adalah seperti berikut: 15 mM BGE borat yang mengandungi 0.1% w/v heksadimetrin bromida (HDMB), 5-FU dan 5-BrU (IS) yang disiapkan dalam 5 mM BGE cair, 20% v/v pengubah organik dalam campuran sampel disuntik pada voltan -5 kV selama 5 s. Pemisahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan -25 kV voltan dan dikesan pada panjang gelombang 234 nm dalam pengesanan susunan diod (DAD). Ketepatannya wajar; %RSD 4.43% pada tahap kepekatan rendah (5 mg/L). Nilai LOD adalah 0.24 mg/L ketika diterapkan dengan FASI berbanding 0.58 mg/L menggunakan HDI-CZE. Faktor peningkatan kepekaan (SEF) hampir 3 kali lebih tinggi daripada HDI-CZE pada medan kutub  positif, menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan FASI-CZE yang dicadangkan sesuai untuk kajian 5-FU pada tahap kepekatan surih.

 

Kata kunci: 5-fluorouracil, suntikan sampel medan dipertingkat, elektroforesis zon kapilari, elektroforesis kapilari, ubat antikanser

 

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