Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 5
(2020): 707 - 718
ANTIMICROBIAL
EFFICACY, ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE AND NINE ALTERNATIVE ACTIVE
CONSTITUENTS FROM PETROLEUM ETHER AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF Entada spiralis
(Keberkesanan
Antimikrob, Profil Antioksida dan Sembilan Komponen Alternatif Aktif dari
Ekstrak Petroleum Eter dan Etil Asetat dari Pokok Entada spiralis)
Aiza Harun1*,
Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz2, Nor
Shazleen Mohd Azenan1, Nurfarah Farini Muhammad
Kamarazzaman1, Siti Zaiton Mat So’ad3
1Faculty of Applied
Science
2 Faculty of Plantation and
Agrotechnology
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
3Kulliyyah of Pharmacy,
International Islamic
University Malaysia, 25200 Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: aizaharun@.uitm.edu.my
Received: 9 March 2020;
Accepted: 25 June 2020; Published: 12
October 2020
Abstract
This
study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether
extracts and the identification of alternative antimicrobial and antioxidative
constituents from petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract of Entada spiralis stem. Antimicrobial
activity was evaluated through disc diffusion method on five human superficial
skin disease-caused microbes such as Staphylococcus
aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trychophyton tonsurans and one plant
pathogen namely Erwinia chrysanthemi.
The presence of antioxidants was determined from thin layer chromatography
(TLC) sprayed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The isolation of antioxidant
and antimicrobial compounds was performed through preparative TLC. The
structure of isolated compounds was determined from gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GCMS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) equipped
with Wiley Library matching individually. The petroleum ether extract
successfully inhibited the growth of all bacteria and dermatophytes in a
concentration dependent manner whereby S.
epidermis was highly susceptible towards the extract with inhibition zone
of 16.0 mm at concentration of 400 mg/mL as well as M. gypseum. Most of the components from petroleum ether extract and
ethyl acetate extract developed on TLC were antioxidative which was seen as
yellow spots against purple background after spraying with DPPH reagent. Four
antioxidative constituents were successfully isolated and tentatively
identified as 18,19-Secoyohimban-19-oic
acid,16,17,20,21-tetradehydro-16-(hydroxymethyl)-methylester (1), Oxiraneoctanoic acid (2), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (3), and 11-O-p- Coumarylnepeticin (4).
Five antimicrobial constituents were successfully isolated and tentatively
identified as 4-benzyloxy-4-[2,2,-dimethyl-4-dioxolanyl]Butylaldehyde, (5), Isobutyl octadecyl benzoate ester (6), 3',8,8'-Trimethoxy-3-piperidyl-2,2'-binaphthalene-1,1',4,4'-tetrone
(7),
1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (8) and Hordatine B (9). Thus, E. spiralis is seen to be a promising
source of bioactive ingredients which is very important as the basis of
scientific information for the development of natural antimicrobial and
antioxidant agents.
Keywords:
Leguminoceae, Entada spiralis,
antioxidant, antibacterial activity
Abstrak
Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada kajian sifat antimikrob
ekstrak petroleum eter dan pencarian komponen aktif antimikrob dan antioksida
dari ekstrak petroleum eter dan etil asetat dari batang pokok Entada spiralis. Aktiviti
antimikrob dinilai menggunakan kaedah
penyerakan cakera terhadap lima jenis mikrob penyakit kulit iaitu Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trychophyton tonsurans dan satu jenis
mikrob tumbuhan iaitu Erwinia
chrysanthemi. Ciri antioksidan ekstrak komponen yang telah dipisahkan di
atas kromatografi lapisan nipis (KLN) telah dianalisa menggunakan kaedah
penyemburan dengan bahan 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) di atas KLN.
Pemisahan komponen aktif antioksida dan antimikrob telah dijalankan dengan
menggunakan KLN. Spektrometer jisim kromatografi gas dan spektrometer jisim
kromatografi cecair dengan data Wiley telah digunakan untuk menganalisa dan
mengenalpasti struktur bahan aktif. Ekstrak petroleum eter berkesan dalam
menyekat pertumbuhan bakteria dan kulat di mana bakteria S. epidermis dan kulat M.
gypseum paling kuat disekat pertumbuhannya oleh ekstrak dengan zon
perencatan 16.0 mm pada kepekatan 400 mg/mL.
Kebanyakan komponen dalam ekstrak petroleum eter dan etil asetat yg
telah dipisahkan di atas KLN bersifat antioksida dengan memberikan kesan
tompokan kuning setelah disembur dengan larutan DPPH. Sebanyak empat komponen antioksida berjaya
dipisahkan dan dikenalpasti sebagai Asid 18,19-Sekoyohimban-19,16,17,20,21-tetradihidro-16-(hidroksimetil)-metilester
(1), Asid okzairanoktanoik (2), Asid 9,12-Oktadekadienoik (3), dan 11-O-p-
Koumarilnepetisin (4). Sebanyak lima
jenis komponen antimikrob berjaya dipisahkan dan dikenali sebagai, 4-benziloksi-4-[2,2,-dimetil-4-dioksolanil]Butilaldehid(5), Isobutil oktadesil benzoat ester(6),
3',8,8'-Trimetoksi-3-piperidil-2,2'-binaftalin-1,1',4,4'-tetron (7),
1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (8) dan Hordatin B (9). Maka, E.
spiralis dilihat sebagai pokok yang berpotensi untuk mendapatkan bahan
bioaktif semulajadi di mana bahan ini
penting sebagai maklumat asas bagi kajian penghasilan bahan antioksida dan
antimikrob semulajadi.
Kata kunci: Leguminosae, Entada spiralis, antioksida, aktiviti antibakteria
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