Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 2 (2020): 197 - 208
VORTEX-ASSISTED
SUPRAMOLECULAR-BASED DISPERSIVE LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION FOR
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF RHODAMINE B IN CHILI POWDER
(Supramolekul Berasaskan Serakan Cecair Fasa Pengekstrakan
Mikro Berbantu-Vorteks untuk Penentuan Spektrofotometrik Rhodamin B dalam
Serbuk Cili)
Renitha Harikrishnan1, Kavisha Sundraraj2,
Boon Yih Hui3, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain3,
Noorfatimah Yahaya3, Kavirajaa Pandian Sambasevam4, Sharifah
Mohamad5.,6, Yatimah Alias5,6, Muggundha Raoov5,6*
1 School of Distance Education,
Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2 Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science,
Universiti
Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
3 Integrative Medicine Cluster,
Advanced Medical & Dental Institute,
Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 13200, Malaysia
4 School
of Chemistry and Environment,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
6 Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic
Liquids (UMCiL), Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science
Universiti
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: muggundha@um.edu.my
Received: 16 December 2019;
Accepted: 8 March 2020
Abstract
A vortex-assisted supramolecular-based
dispersive liquid phase microextraction technique was established to detect
trace quantities of Rhodamine B (RhB) in chili powder prior to its
determination by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The supramolecular
solvent, which was made of reverse micelles of 1-pentanol created through
self-assembly processes, was injected into the aqueous sample solution as fine
droplets and assisted by vortexing, which accelerated the mass transfer of
target analyte into the supramolecular solvent phase. Five important parameters
(type and volume of the extraction solvent, extraction time, sample pH, and ionic
strength) were investigated, and the optimum conditions were as follows: 400 µL
of 1-pentanol as the supramolecular solvent; 30 min extraction time; pH 5; and
15% salt addition. Under optimum conditions, linearity was in the range of 0.1
to 2.5 mg kg–1. The detection limit was 0.008 mg kg–1
with pre-concentration factor of 16, and the relative standard deviation (n = 5)
was < 1.48%. The method was successfully applied to detect and measure RhB
in selected chili powder samples,
and
good spiked recoveries in the range of 95.0 to 115.2% were obtained. This
method has direct applications for monitoring the presence of potentially
harmful dyes in processed foods.
Keywords: rhodamine B, UV-Vis spectrophotometry,
supramolecular solvent, chili powder
Abstrak
Supramolekul berasaskan serakan fasa cecair pengekstrakan
mikro berbantu vorteks (VASM-DLPME) telah dibangunkan untuk mengesan kuantiti
Rhodamin B (RhB) dalam serbuk cili dengan menggunakan spektrofotometrik UV-Vis.
Pelarut supramolekul adalah misel songsang yang dihasilkan daripada 1-pentanol
melalui proses pemasangan kendiri dan disuntik ke dalam larutan sampel akueus
sebagai titisan halus dibantu oleh vorteks, yang mempercepatkan masa pemindahan
daripada analisis sasaran ke dalam fasa pelarut supramolekul. Lima
parameter penting seperti jenis dan isipadu pelarut pengekstrakan, masa
pengekstrakan, sampel pH dan kekuatan ionik telah dikaji dan keadaan optimum
yang diperoleh adalah seperti berikut: 400 µL 1-pentanol sebagai pelarut supramolekul,
masa pengekstrakan selama 30 minit pada pH 5 dengan penambahan garam sebanyak
15%. Di bawah keadaan yang optimum, kelinearan didapati dalam julat 0.1 hingga
2.5 mg kg-1. Had pengesanan yang diperolehi adalah 0.008 mg kg-1
dengan faktor pra-kepekatan 16 dan sisihan piawai relatif (RSD, n = 5) kurang
daripada 1.48% telah dicapai. Kaedah ini telah berjaya diaplikasikan untuk
penentuan RhB dalam sampel serbuk cili terpilih dan kadar pemulihan berada pada
julat 95.0-115.2% diperolehi. Kaedah ini mempunyai aplikasi langsung untuk
pemantauan pewarna berbahaya dalam makanan yang diproses.
Kata kunci: rhodamin
B, spektrofotometri UV-Vis, pelarut supramolekul, serbuk cili
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