Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 1 (2020): 125 - 133
PENENTUAN KEPEKATAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM SEDIMEN DI
MUARA SUNGAI KEMAMAN, TERENGGANU
(Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediment of Kemaman River
Estuary, Terengganu)
Ahmad
Shamsuddin Ahmad1*, Suhaimi Suratman2, Noor Azhar Mohamed
Shazili2, Ong Meng Chuan1,2, Mohammed Faizal Abdul Rahim1
1Fakulti Sains dan Sekitaran Marin
*Email pengarang utama: sham@umt.edu.my
Received: 29 July 2019;
Accepted: 28 December 2019
Abstrak
Penentuan kepekatan dan taburan beberapa logam
berat terpilih seperti Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb dan Zn di dalam sedimen dasar
di muara Sungai Kemaman, Terengganu telah dijalankan menggunakan kaedah
pencernaan basah. Selepas pencernaan, logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak dianalisa
menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom (AAS) dan spektrofotometer serapan
atom relau grafit (GFAAS). Umumnya, keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kepekatan
kebanyakan logam berat di kawasan kajian adalah lebih rendah atau setara jika
dibandingkan dengan kawasan lain. Bagi pensampelan pertama, purata kepekatan
logam adalah 4.44 ± 2.55% (Al), 2.36 ± 1.01% (Fe), 44.29 ± 23.82 μg.g-1
(Cr), 12.13 ± 6.03 μg.g-1 (Cu), 135 ± 83.08 μg.g-1
(Mn), 27.08 ± 13.47 μg.g-1 (Ni), 25.11 ± 10.34 μg.g-1
(Pb) dan 69.85 ± 29.13 μg.g-1 (Zn). Bagi pensampelan kedua pula
purata kepekatan adalah 10.18 ± 6.64 %
(Al), 1.78 ± 0.75 % (Fe), 27.00 ± 18.27 μg.g-1 (Cr), 10.15 ±
6.75 μg.g-1 (Cu), 120.71± 72.69 μg.g-1 (Mn),
11.88 ± 5.18 μg.g-1 (Ni), 20.49 ± 9.20 μg.g-1
(Pb) dan 34.17 ± 29.97 μg.g-1 (Zn). Analisis statistik ANOVA
menunjukkan terdapatnya perbezaan bererti (p<0.05) di antara pensampelan
pertama dan kedua. Penentuan faktor pengkayaan menunjukkan kepekatan Pb di
kawasan kajian dipengaruhi oleh sumber-sumber antropogenik. Beberapa aktiviti
di sekitar Sungai Kemaman telah dikenalpasti sebagai penyumbang sumber
antropogenik iaitu aktiviti-aktiviti perikanan, perindustrian,
aktiviti-aktiviti di dermaga dan dari kawasan perbandaran.
Kata kunci: logam berat, faktor
pengkayaan, sedimen, Sungai Kemaman, Laut China Selatan
Abstract
The determination of the concentrations and
distributions of selected heavy metals such as Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and
Zn in sediment of Kemaman River estuary, Terengganu has been carried out using
the wet digestion method. After digestion, heavy metals in solution extracts
were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS). In general, the results showed
that most of heavy metals concentration in the study area are similar or lower
compared to other areas. For the first sampling, mean concentration was 4.44 ±
2.55% (Al), 2.36 ± 1.01% (Fe), 44.29 ± 23.82 μg.g-1 (Cr), 12.13
± 6.03 μg.g-1 (Cu), 135 ± 83.08 μg.g-1 (Mn),
27.08 ± 13.47 μg.g-1 (Ni), 25.11 ± 10.34 μg.g-1
(Pb) and 69.85 ± 29.13 μg.g-1 (Zn). In the second sampling, the
mean concentration of Al was 10.18 ± 6.64 %, 1.78 ± 0.75 % (Fe), 27.00 ± 18.27
μg.g-1 (Cr), 10.15 ± 6.75 μg.g-1 (Cu), 120.71±
72.69 μg.g-1 (Mn), 11.88 ± 5.18 μg.g-1 (Ni),
20.49 ± 9.20 μg.g-1 (Pb) and 34.17 ± 29.97 μg.g-1
(Zn). The ANOVA statistical analysis showed that there was significant
difference (p<0.05) between the first and second sampling. Enrichment factor
determination showed that Pb concentration was influenced by anthropogenic
sources. Several activities around the Sungai Kemaman have been identified as
the contributors for anthropogenic sources such as fishing activities,
industrial, shipyard activities and from urbanized area.
Keywords: heavy metals, enrichment
factor, sediment, Kemaman River , South China Sea
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