Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 1 (2020): 87 - 96

 

 

 

 

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM LEAF EXTRACT OF PANDAN, Pandanus amaryllifolius ROXB.

 

(Komposisi Kimia Minyak Pati daripada Ekstrak Daun Pandan, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.)

 

Maisarah Mohamed Zakaria¹, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan^1,2*, Suhaili Shamsi¹, Siti Salwa Abd Gani³

 

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences

²Halal Products Research Institute

³Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  uswatun@upm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 28 April 2019; Accepted: 27 January 2020

 

 

Abstract

Pandan or Pandanus amaryllifolius, an aromatic tropical plant species, has gained much interest among researchers in the quest to develop further use of its essential oils beyond food flavoring, traditional medicines and limited food industries. There has been lack of comprehensive investigations on therapeutic activities of its essential oils (EOs) that may have potential use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of various health issues. The present investigation reports on the chemical composition of EOs from leaf extracts sourced from three different locations in Peninsular Malaysia. Leaf extracts of P. amaryllifolius were drawn out from leaves of plants grown in the states of Kedah, Selangor and Johor using Soxhlet extraction method with ethanol as the solvent resulting in extraction yields of 21.08%, 20.54%, and 15.87%, respectively. The leaf extracts were further analyzed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A total of 57 chemical compounds were identified comprising of fatty acids, steroids, aromatic compounds and non-polar components making up 80.49-84.74% of total oils. A total of 11 common peaks were determined consisting of pyranone (0.78-1.74%); coumaran (1.12-5.31%); 1,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2.68-6.10%); pinane (0.80%-1.46%); ethyl palmitate (1.04%-1.66%); 3,6,6-trimethyl-1-(1-phtalazinyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one (0.75-1.69%); phytol (1.43-6.19%); purpurogallin (1.34-2.02%); squalene (14.14-33.83%); decamethyltetrasiloxane (0.27-0.52%); and vitamin E (2.58-3.66%) from the three different locations. Stigmasterol was not detected from plants sourced in Selangor but was detected in samples from Kedah and Johor with an amount of 6.73% and 9.05%, respectively. There were 16 common peaks observed in all IR spectra from the three plants’ sources exhibiting functional groups. The findings from the study present useful additional information to existing literature on extractable EOs from pandan for potential use in pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications in the production of functional food.

 

Keywords:  Pandanus amaryllifolius, chemical composition, essential oils, functional group

 

Abstrak

Pandan atau Pandanus amaryllifolius, satu spesies tumbuhan aromatik tropika, telah mendapat perhatian di kalangan penyelidik dalam usaha membangunkan penggunaan minyak pati (EO) pandan selanjutnya melebihi kegunaan sebagai perasa makanan, perubatan tradisional dan dalam industri makanan yang terhad. Terdapat kekurangan penyelidikan yang menyeluruh mengenai aktiviti terapeutik EO yang mungkin mempunyai potensi sebagai ejen terapeutik dalam rawatan berbagai isu kesihatan. Penyelidikan ini melaporkan komposisi kimia EO daripada ekstrak daun dari tiga lokasi berbeza di Semenanjung Malaysia. Ekstrak daun P. amaryllifolius telah dihasilkan daripada pokok yang ditanam di negeri-negeri Kedah, Selangor dan Johor dengan menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan Soxhlet bersama etanol sebagai pelarut dan menghasilkan masing-masing 21.08%, 20.54%, dan 15.87%. Selanjutnya, ekstrak daun telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim (GC-MS) dan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Sejumlah 57 sebatian kimia telah dikenal pasti yang terdiri daripada asid lemak, steroid, sebatian aromatik dan komponen bukan berkutub meliputi 80.49-84.74% minyak pati yang diperolehi.  Terdapat sejumlah 11 puncak persamaan dan telah dikenal pasti sebagai mengandungi piranon (0.78-1.74%); koumaran (1.12-5.31%); 1,4-di-tert-butilfenol (2.68-6.10%); pinan (0.80-1.46%); etil palmitat (1.04-1.66%); 3,6,6-trimetil-1-(1-pitalazinill)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-on (0.75-1.69%); fitol (1.43-6.19%); purpurogalin (1.34-2.02%); skualin (14.14-33.83%); dekamiltetrasiloxan (0.27-0.52%); dan vitamin E (2.58-3.66%) di kalangan tiga minyak pati pandan dari lokasi berbeza. Stigmasterol tidak dapat dikesan daripada pokok yang diperolehi dari Selangor tetapi di rekod diperolehi dari sampel Kedah dan Johor masing-masing dengan 6.73% dan 9.05%. Sebanyak 16 puncak persamaan diperolehi di semua spektrum IR daripada tiga sumber pokok dan mempamerkan kumpulan berfungsi. Keputusan daripada kajian mengemukakan informasi tambahan yang kepada penulisan sedia ada mengenai potensi EO yang boleh diekstrak dan yang mempunyai potensi dalam kegunaan farmaseutikal dan nutraseutikal dalam pengeluaran makanan.

 

Kata kunci:  Pandanus amaryllifolius, komposisi kimia, minyak pati, kumpulan berfungsi

 

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