Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 6 (2019): 950 - 962

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2019-2306-04

 

 

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF SEVEN PHILIPPINE MOSSES

 

(Juzuk Kimia dan Potensi Antioksidan bagi Tujuh Lumut Filipina)

 

Mary Stephanie S. Carranza1, Virgilio C. Linis2,  Consolacion Y. Ragasa1,3, Maria Carmen S. Tan1*

 

 1Chemistry Department,

De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines

2Biology Department,

De La Salle Araneta University, 303 Victoneta Avenue, Potrero Malabon City 1475, Philippines

3Chemistry Department,

 De La Salle University Science & Technology, Complex Leandro V. Locsin Campus, Bińan City, Laguna 4024, Philippines

 

*Corresponding author:  maria.carmen.tan@dlsu.edu.ph

 

 

Received: 23 May 2019; Accepted: 1 October 2019

 

 

Abstract

Seven species of Philippine mosses, namely Calyptothecium ramosii Broth., Gymnostomum recurvirostum Hedw., Hypnum plumiforme Wilson, Leucobryum scalare Müll.Hal. ex M.Fleisch., Meteoriopsis reclinata (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch., Mitthyridium undulatum (Dozy & Molk.) H.Rob. and Pelekium boniamum (Besch) were examined in this study. The mosses were analyzed using a gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) and an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) to substantiate their possible usage as dietary supplements. EDX results displayed that calcium was the major mineral found in all the moss samples (1.199% to 11.427%). The free radical scavenging activity of the dried dichloromethane moss extracts was highest for G. recurvirostum indicative of the lowest IC50 concentration at 0.236 mg/mL followed by C. ramosii at 0.306 mg/mL and P. boniamum at 0.315 mg/mL. M. undulatum (IC50 = 1.360 mg/mL) and M. reclinata (IC50 = 1.544 mg/mL) had moderate antioxidant activity, whereas, L. scalare (IC50 = 2.120 mg/mL) and H. plumiforme (IC50 = 2.213 mg/mL) had minimal free radical scavenging potential. The possible antioxidant capabilities of each respective bryophyte were correlated to the presence of the following major constituents from GC-EI-MS investigation: in P. boniamum, α-cadinol, (9.11%), caryophyllene (6.39%) and (-)-spathulenol (5.52%); in G. recurvirostum, pentanoic acid, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-carboxyisopropyl, isobutyl ester (56.26%), caryophyllenyl alcohol (5.96%) and α-cadinene (5.88%); in C. ramosii, phytol (17.86%), and phytol acetate (14.03%). 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro (4,5) deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (9.59%), and 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide (6.11%). Apart from H. plumiforme, all the samples contained considerable concentrations of n-hexadecanoic acid (range from 3.76% to 29.03%).

 

Keywords: bryophyte, free radical scavenging activity, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

 

Abstract

Tujuh spesis lumut Filipina iaitu Calyptothecium ramosii Broth., Gymnostomum recurvirostum Hedw., Hypnum plumiforme Wilson, Leucobryum scalare Müll.Hal. ex M.Fleisch., Meteoriopsis reclinata (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch., Mitthyridium undulatum (Dozy & Molk.) H.Rob. dan Pelekium boniamum (Besch) telah diuji dalam kajian ini. Lumut telah dianalisa menggunakan kromatografi gas dilengkapi spectrometer jisim (GC-EI-MS) dan spektrometer pendaflour tenaga serakan sinar-X (EDX) untuk melihat potensi digunakan sebagai makanan tambahan. Keputusan EDX menunjukkan kalsium merupakan mineral utama yang dijumpai dalam semua sampel lumut (1.199% to 11.427%). Aktiviti pemerangkapan radikal bebas melalui ekstrak lumut menggunakan diklorometana telah memberikan G. recurvirostum hasil paling tinggi pada kepekatan IC50 iaitu 0.236 mg/mL diikuti C. ramosii pada 0.306 mg/mL and P. boniamum pada 0.315 mg/mL. M. undulatum (IC50 = 1.360 mg/mL) dan M. reclinata (IC50 = 1.544 mg/mL) menghasilkan aktiviti antioksidan yang sederhana, manakala L. scalare (IC50 = 2.120 mg/mL) dan H. plumiforme (IC50 = 2.213 mg/mL) mempunyai potensi pemerangkapan radikal bebas yang minumum. Keupayaan antioksidan setiap briofit adalah dikaitkan dengan kehadiran juzuk utama iaitu hasil analisa GC-EI-MS seperti di dalam P. boniamum, mengandungi α-kadinol, (9.11%), kariofilena (6.39%) dan (-)-spathulenol (5.52%); di dalam G. recurvirostum seperti asid pentanoik, 2,2,4-trimetil-3-karboisopropil, isobutil ester (56.26%), kariofilenil alkohol (5.96%) dan α-kadinena (5.88%), di dalam C. ramosii, fitol (17.86%), fitol asetat (14.03%). 7,9-di-tert-butil-1-oksaspiro (4,5) deka-6,9-diena-2,8-dion (9.59%), dan 4,8,12,16-tetrametillheptadekan-4-olida (6.11%). Selain dari H. plumiforme, semua sampel mengandungi kepekatan asid n-heksadekanoik (julat dari 3.76% hingga 29.03%).

 

Keywords: briofit, aktiviti pemerangkapan radikal bebas, kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim, spektroskopi pendaflour tenaga serakan sinar-X

 

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