Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4 (2018): 633 - 641

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-09

 

 

 

OLEIC ACID ENHANCEMENT IN USED FRYING PALM OIL VIA ENZYMATIC ACIDOLYSIS

 

(Peningkatan Kandungan Asid Oleik dalam Minyak Sawit Terpakai Melalui Kaedah Asidolisis Enzim)

 

Nor Athirah Zaharudin¹, Nurul Syafiqah binti Remzi¹, Roslina Rashid¹*, Siti Marsilawati Mohamed Esivan¹, Ani Idris¹, Norasikin Othman²

 

¹Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Department, School of Chemical and Energy, Faculty of Engineering

² Chemical Engineering Department, School of Chemical and Energy, Faculty of Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  roslina@cheme.utm.my

 

 

Received: 16 April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018

 

 

Abstract

The extensive amount of used frying palm oil (UFO) generated in Malaysia has caused serious environmental problems. Management of the waste faces a significant challenge especially on choosing the appropriate method by considering the possibilities of contaminating the environment.  This study aims to add value to UFO by producing high oleic palm oil. Enzymatic acidolysis using lipase was employed to incorporate oleic acid in the UFO. This study also investigated the effect of enzymatic loading, reaction time and water content on the properties of modified UFO as to find the optimum condition for oleic acid incorporation. Oleic acid incorporation was quantified based on peroxide and iodine values. The optimum conditions for acidolysis process were obtained at enzyme loading of 30% (w/w), reaction time of 24 hours, and water content of 2% (w/w) with substrate mole ratio of 1:2 (UFO: oleic acid) and temperature of 50 °C. At optimum conditions, the modified used frying palm oil (MUFO) has peroxide and iodine values of 19.00 ± 0.99 meq/mg and 31.5 ± 0.42 mg/mg, respectively. After the acidolysis reaction, oleic acid concentration has increased from 27.00 ± 0.70% (v/v) to 62.34 ± 1.29% (v/v), demonstrating their feasibility as a substrate for structured lipid production.

 

Keywords:  enzymatic acidolysis, used frying palm oil, oleic acid, high oleic palm oil, oleic acid incorporation

 

Abstrak

Lambakan minyak sawit terpakai (UFO) di Malaysia telah menyebabkan banyak masalah alam sekitar yang serius. Pengurusan sisa ini menempuh cabaran besar terutamanya dari espek pemilihan kaedah pelupusan yang mengambil kira kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang boleh mencemarkan alam sekitar. Kajian ini bertujuan menambah nilai UFO dengan menghasilkan minyak sawit tinggi asid oleik. Asidolsis enzimatik menggunakan lipase telah dijalankan untuk menggabungkan asid oleik ke dalam UFO. Kajian ini juga mengkaji kesan kepekatan enzim, masa tindak balas dan kandungan air pada sifat-sifat minyak sawit terubahsuai (MUFO) untuk mencari keadaan optimum peningkatan asid oleik. Peningkatan asid oleik dinilai berdasarkan nilai peroksida dan nilai iodin. Keadaan optimum untuk proses asidolisis yang diperoleh adalah pada kepekatan enzim 30% (w/w), masa tindak balas 24 jam dan kandungan air 2% (w/w) pada nisbah substrat 1:2 (UFO: asid oleik) serta suhu 50 °C. Pada keadaan optimum MUFO mempunyai nilai peroksida 19.00 ± 0.99 meq/mg dan nilai iodin 31.5 ± 0.42 mg/mg. Selepas tindak balas asiolisis enzim, kepekatan asid oleik telah meningkat dari 27.00 ± 0.70% (v/v) kepada 62.34 ± 1.29% (v/v), membuktikan UFO mampu menjadi substrat untuk penghasilan lipid berstruktur.

 

Kata kunci:   asidolisis enzim, minyak terpakai, asid oleik, minyak sawit tinggi asid oleik, peningkatan asid oleik

 

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