Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 2 (2018): 175 - 184

RECENT ADVANCES IN THE PREPARATION OF OIL PALM WASTE-BASED ADSORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS - A REVIEW

(Kemajuan Terkini dalam Penyediaan Penjerap Berasaskan Sisa Kelapa Sawit untuk Penyingkiran Bahan Pencemar Alam Sekitar - Sebuah Ulasan)

Faridah M. Marsin^{1, 2}, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim^{1, 3}, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh⁴, Zetty Azalea Sutirman¹, Ng Nyuk Ting¹, Mohd Marsin Sanagi^1,3*

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

²Malaysia Department of Chemistry (Southern Branch), 80100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

³Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

*Corresponding author: marsin@kimia.fs.utm.my

Received: 10 November 2017; Accepted: 28 February 2018

Abstract

The palm oil industry is an excellent source for huge quantities of highly useful biomass. Utilization of oil palm biomass-based materials for the removal of environmental pollutants appears to be a viable solution in the lights of promoting sustainable development. This article aims to review recent advances in the preparation of adsorbent from different parts of oil palm biomass for the removal of heavy metal and organic environmental pollutants from water. Physical and chemical factors that enhance the applicability of oil palm waste as adsorbents are also discussed. It is clear that each part of the oil palm biomass is potentially applicable as biosorbents for most environmental pollutants and the capability could be further enhanced through modifications in accordance with its intended pollutants. Modifications by chemical treatments such as acidic, basic or drying agent treatments under optimum dosages have been found to have significant effects on the selectivity of the analyte absorption. In general, basic treatment is more suitable for common pollutants such as metals, pesticide and basic dyes. Meanwhile, the acidic treatment is more suitable for non-polar organic pollutants such as phenols. Recent trends in the application of oil palm biomass as biosorbents are also discussed that together open new doors to sustainable development.

Keywords: oil palm biomass, adsorbent, activated carbon, environmental pollutants

Abstrak

Industri minyak kelapa sawit merupakan sumber yang baik untuk mendapatkan biojisim bermanfaat dalam kuantiti yang besar. Penggunaan bahan berasaskan biojisim minyak kelapa sawit bagi penyingkiran pencemar alam sekitar merupakan salah satu penyelesaian berdaya maju dalam mempromosi pembangunan mampan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas kemajuan dalam penyediaan penjerap daripada pelbagai bahagian biojisim kelapa sawit bagi penyingkiran ion logam berat dan pencemar organik alam sekitar daripada air. Faktor fizikal dan kimia bagi meningkatkan kebolehgunaan sisa kelapa sawit sebagai penjerap juga dibincangkan. Ianya jelas bahawa setiap bahagian biojisim kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bio-pengerap bagi kebanyakan bahan pencemar, dan keupayaannya dapat dipertingkatkan melalui pengubahsuaian sesuai dengan bahan pencemar yang digunakan. Pengubahsuaian dengan rawatan kimia misalnya rawatan asid, alkali dan ejen pengeringan dengan dos yang optimum didapati memberi kesan terhadap pemilihan penjerapan analit. Secara keseluruhan, rawatan alkali lebih sesuai bagi bahan pencemar lazim misalnya logam, racuk mahluk perosak, dan pewarna alkali. Sementara itu, rawatan asid lebih sesuai untuk bahan pencemar organik yang tidak berkutub misalnya fenol. Aliran terkini dalam aplikasi biojisim kelapa sawit sebagai bio-pengerap juga dibincangkan bagi membuka laluan baharu untuk pembangunan mampan.

Kata kunci: biojisim kelapa sawit, penjerap, karbon teraktif, pencemar alam sekitar

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