Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 21 No 4 (2017): 801 - 809
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2104-06
CHARACTERIZATION, CALCULATION OF CALORIFIC VALUES,
AND BIO-OIL PRODUCTION VIA THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN
PERLIS, MALAYSIA
(Pencirian, Pengiraan
Nilai – Nilai Kalorifik dan Pengeluaran Bio-Minyak Melalui Proses Termokimia
Sisa Pepejal Perbandaran di Perlis, Malaysia)
Khairuddin Md Isa1,2*,
Farizul Hafiz Kasim2, Umi Fazara Md Ali1, Radzuwan Ab
Rashid3
1School of Environmental Engineering,
Universiti
Malaysia Perlis, P.O Box 77, d/a Pejabat Pos Besar 01007, Kangar, Perlis,
Malaysia
2Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilisation,
Universiti
Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia
3Faculty of Languages and Communication,
Universiti
Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: khairudin@unimap.edu.my
Received: 9
January 2017; Accepted: 13 June 2017
Abstract
Municipal solid wastes (MSW) collected
from Padang Siding Landfill, Perlis were segregated and characterized in the
laboratory. The main components of MSW found are paper, plastic, glass and
large proportion of organic waste. Moisture content was measured for all the
components. Paper and yard wastes recorded the highest percentage of 26.7% and
28.8%, respectively. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) shows that the thermal degradation of MSW samples ranged from
200 oC to 800 oC, indicating fast decomposition occurred
at 370 oC, 430 oC and 700 oC. Traditional method shows a lower error
compared to the physical method in calculating the calorific values (CV) for
MSW. Bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis route gave higher liquid yield of
~35% with high oxygen content of ~49 – 53%. Heavy oil recovered from hydrous
pyrolysis experiments gave low yield of ~7 – 13%, however with low oxygen
content of ~11 – 18%.
Keywords: Municipal
solid waste, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific value, pyrolysis, hydrous
pyrolysis
Abstrak
Sisa pepejal
perbandaran (SPP) dikumpulkan dari tapak pelupusan Padang Siding, Perlis. Bahan
buangan ini diasingkan dan dikategorikan di dalam makmal. Komponen utama MSW
yang ditemui adalah kertas, plastik, kaca dan sebahagian besar sisa organik.
Kandungan kelembapan diukur untuk semua komponen di mana kertas dan sisa dari
laman telah mencatatkan peratus tertinggi sebanyak 26.7% dan 28.8%
masing-masing. Analisis termogravimetrik menunjukkan degradasi terma sampel MSW
adalah antara 200 oC hingga 800 oC, menunjukkan penguraian cepat berlaku pada 370 oC, 430 oC dan 700 oC. Kaedah
tradisional menunjukkan ralat yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan kaedah
fizikal dalam mengira nilai kalorifik
untuk SPP. Pengeluaran bio-minyak melalui laluan pirolisis pantas memberikan
hasil cecair yang lebih tinggi ~35%
dengan kandungan oksigen yang tinggi ~ 49 – 53%. Minyak berat diperoleh
daripada eksperimen pirolisis berair memberikan hasil yang rendah ~ 7 – 13%,
walau bagaimanapun dengan kandungan oksigen yang rendah ~ 11 – 18%.
Kata kunci: Sisa pepejal perbandaran, analisa
termogravimetrik, nilai kalorifik, pirolisis, pirolisis berair
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