Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 18 No 2 (2014): 456 - 465

 

 

 

PALM-BASED POLYURETHANE WITH SOYBEAN PHOSPHATE ESTER AS A FIRE RETARDANT

 

(Poliuretana Sawit dengan Ester Fosfat Soya Sebagai Perencat Api)

 

Nor Rabbi’atul ‘Adawiyah Norzali¹, Khairiah Haji Badri^1,2*, Ong Soo Ping¹, Ishak Ahmad^1,2

 

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

²Polymer Research Center

Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: kaybadri@ukm.edu.my

 

 

Abstract

Palm-based polyurethane (PU) with soybean oil phosphate ester (PE) as a fire retardant was prepared. The effect of PE to the mechanical and burning properties of the PU was investigated. The PE was synthesized via ring-opening hydrolysis between o-phosphoric acid (o-H₃PO₄) and epoxidized soybean oil. The synthesis was conducted at 60-70 °C. The concentration of o-H₃PO₄ was varied at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt%. PE with 2.5 wt% H₃PO₄ showed the lowest acid value (2.8 mg·g^-1) but high hydroxyl value (351.6 mg·g^-1). PU containing PE (PU-PE) has higher density (60-61 kg·m^-3) compared to control PU (49.7 kg·m^-3). Burning rate decreased from 2.16×10^-3 m·s^-1 for control PU to 1.26×10^-3 m·s^-1, 1.06 10^-3 m·s^-1 and 0.6×10^-3m·s^-1 for PU-PE at 5, 10 and 15 wt% PE respectively. However, the addition of PE into the PU system gradually decreased the compression stress and modulus of the PU-PE.

 

Keywords: Epoxidized soybean oil, fire retardant, palm-based polyurethane, phosphate ester

 

Abstrak

Poliuretana sawit (PU) mengandungi ester fosfat minyak soya (PE) sebagai perencat api telah berjaya dihasilkan. Kesan PE terhadap sifat mekanik dan kebakaran PU telah dikaji. PE disintesis melalui tindak balas hidrolisis pembukaan gelang antara asid fosforik (o-H₃PO₄) dan minyak soya terepoksida. Sintesis dijalankan pada 60-70 °C. Kepekatan o-H₃PO₄ divariasikan pada 2.5, 5.0 dan 7.5 bt%. PE dengan 2.5 bt% o-H₃PO₄ menunjukkan nilai asid yang rendah (2.8 mg·g^-1) tetapi tinggi nilai hidroksil 351.6 mg·g^-1). PU yang mengandungi PE(PU-PE) mempunyai ketumpatan yang tinggi (60-61 kg·m^-3) berbanding PU kawalan (49.7 kg·m^-3). Kadar kebakaran menurun dari 216×10^-3 m·s^-1 untuk PU kawalan kepada 1.26×10^-3 m·s^-1, 1.06 10^-3 m·s^-1 and 0.6×10^-3m·s^-1 masing-masing untuk PU dengan 5, 10 and 15 bt% PE. Walau bagaimanapun, penambahan PE ke dalam sistem PU menyebabkan kekuatan dan modulus mampatan menurun secara berperingkat.

 

Kata kunci: Minyak soya terepoksida, perencat api, poliuretana sawit, ester fosfat

 

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