Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 6 (2021): 930 - 939

 

 

 

 

CONCENTRATION OF Heavy Metals in Perna veridis Collected from Straits of Johor, Malaysia

 

(Kepekatan Logam Berat di dalam Perna veridis yang Dikumpulkan dari Selat Johor, Malaysia)

 

Tee Lian Sheng¹, Poong Jun Han¹, Evonne Tan¹, Yip Tiam Hing¹, Muhammad Hasbi Ramli¹, Zaleha Kassim², Ong Meng Chuan^1,3,4*

 

¹Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

²International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART),

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

³Institute of Oceanography and Environment

⁴Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

 

*Corresponding author:  ong@umt.edu.my

 

 

Received:  13 September 2021; Accepted: 28 October 2021; Published:  27 December 2021

 

 

Abstract

Perna viridis or green mussel is commercially valuable seafood rich in protein and mainly cultured in the Straits of Johor. Over the years, industrial activities and urban development around the Straits of Johor keep increasing, which may cause heavy metal pollution issues in the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the concentration of heavy metals in the green mussel Perna viridis collected from the river mouth of Sungai Masai at the Straits of Johor for assessing the level of pollution level with this species as a bio-indicator. The concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn of 45 green mussel samples was detected using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The samples were digested using the Teflon Bomb method with HNOз. In general, the concentration of heavy metals in Perna viridis followed the descending order from Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The heavy metal content of the green mussel in this study complied with the permissible safety limit stipulated by the 1985 Malaysia Food Regulation. Meanwhile, unlike the findings of other studies, the accumulation of heavy metal in the green mussels in this study might not be related to its size. No significant correlation was detected among these heavy metals, suggesting that they might not come from the same source. The average pollution load index was 3.3, i.e., substantially than the critical level of 50, suggesting that the pollution of heavy metals in the study area was under control.

 

Keywords:  green mussel, heavy metals, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Perna viridis, Straits of Johor

 

Abstrak

Perna viridis atau kupang hijau adalah salah satu makanan laut komersial yang kaya dengan protein dan kebanyakannya diternak di Selat Johor. Selama bertahun-tahun, aktiviti perindustrian dan pembangunan bandar di sekitar Selat Johor terus meningkat dan ini boleh menyebabkan isu pencemaran logam berat di dalam persekitaran akuatik. Oleh itu, kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kepekatan logam berat di dalam Perna viridis yang dikumpulkan dari Sungai Masai di Selat Johor dan menganggarkan tahap pencemaran dengan menggunakan Perna viridis sebagai penanda biologi. Kepekatan Cd, Cu, Pb dan Zn dalam 45 Perna veridis dianalisis dengan menggunakan spektrometri jisim-plasma gandingan aruhan (ICP-MS). Kaedah pencernaan Teflon Bomb dengan asid HNOз telah digunakan untuk menghadam sampel. Secara umumnya, susunan kepekatan logam berat dalam Perna viridis adalah Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd. Kepekatan logam berat dalam Perna veridis juga mematuhi piawaian dengan had keselamatan yang dibenarkan oleh Peraturan Makanan Malaysia, 1985. Sementara itu, tidak seperti penemuan kajian lain, pengumpulan logam berat pada Perna veridis dalam kajian ini mungkin tidak berkaitan dengan saiznya. Tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan dikesan di antara logam berat ini, menunjukkan bahawa logam ini mungkin tidak berasal dari sumber yang sama. Indeks beban pencemaran purata (PLI) adalah 3.3, iaitu jauh dari tahap kritikal 50, menunjukkan bahawa pencemaran logam berat di kawasan kajian masih terkawal.

 

Kata kunci:  kupang hijau, logam berat, spektrometri jisim-plasma gandingan aruhan, Perna viridis, Selat Johor  

 

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