Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 6 (2021): 911 - 920

HEAVY METAL IN DIFFERENT SIZE FRACTIONS OF HOUSEHOLD DUST COLLECTED FROM RURAL RESIDENTIAL AREA OF SIMPANG RENGGAM, JOHOR

 

(Logam Berat dalam Pelbagai Pecahan Saiz Habuk Rumah dari Kawasan Kediaman Luar Bandar Simpang Renggam, Johor)

 

Joo Hui Tay*, Siti Aqilah Azmi, Mohd Iffat Iqbal Zul Kornain

 

Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.

 

*Corresponding author:  tayjoohui@ump.edu.my

 

 

Received: 1 September 2021; Accepted: 31 October 2021; Published:  27 December 2021

 

 

Abstract

A study investigating the levels of selected heavy metals in household dust from a rural residential area was carried out. Household dust was collected from seven residential homes within the area of Simpang Renggam, Johor. All samples were sieved through a 200 μm sieve, in which two dust samples with sufficient masses (sample A and B) were further separated into four discrete fractions (<63 μm, 63-75 μm, 75-150 μm, and 150-200 μm) before analysis. Dust samples were acid digested and analyzed for the content of Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Pb, Mg, and Fe using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Results showed that the Fe and Al were among the most abundant elements in bulk dust samples (mean concentration of 8500 mg/kg and 5100 mg/kg, respectively), and their concentrations increased with decreasing particle size. Mean concentrations of other elements ranged between 0.027 mg/kg to 2310 mg/kg. For Mn, Mg, Cu, and Zn, higher levels were measured in coarser particle size. Health risk estimation indicated that Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values were below than 1, representing no non-carcinogenic risk to the residents via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption.

 

Keywords:  indoor dust, heavy metals, particle size distribution, rural residential area

 

Abstrak

Satu kajian mengenai kepekatan logam berat terpilih dalam habuk dari kawasan perumahan luar bandar telah dilakukan. Sampel habuk dikumpulkan dari tujuh rumah kediaman di kawasan Simpang Renggam, Johor. Semua sampel diayak melalui ayakan 200 μm, di mana dua sampel debu dengan jisim yang mencukupi (sampel A dan B) dipisahkan menjadi empat pecahan diskrit (<63 μm, 63-75 μm, 75-150 μm dan 150-200 μm) sebelum analisis. Sampel habuk dicerna asid dan dianalisis untuk kandungan Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Pb, Mg dan Fe dengan menggunakan teknik ICP-MS. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Fe dan Al merupakan unsur yang paling banyak dalam sampel debu <200 μm (kepekatan purata sebanyak 8500 mg/kg dan 5100 mg/kg masing-masing), dan kepekatan unsur ini meningkat dengan penurunan saiz zarah. Purata kepekatan unsur-unsur lain berada dalam julat 0.027 mg/kg dan 2310 mg/kg. Untuk Mn, Mg, Cu, dan Zn, kepekatan yang lebih tinggi diukur dalam partikel habuk yang lebih kasar. Anggaran risiko kesihatan memberi nilai Darjah Bahaya (HQ) dan Indeks Bahaya (HI) kurang daripada 1, menunjukkan bahawa pendedahan penduduk kepada habuk melalui pengambilan, penyedutan dan penyerapan kulit tidak mendatangkan risiko (secara bukan karsinogenik).

 

Kata kunci:  habuk rumah, logam berat, taburan saiz zarah, kawasan kediaman luar bandar  

 

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