Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 4 (2021): 561 - 568

 

 

 

 

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RUBBER SEED SHELL IMPREGNATED WITH CALCIUM OXIDE AS CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

 

(Sintesis dan Pencirian Kulit Biji Getah dengan Resapan Kalsium Oksida Sebagai Bahan Pemangkin Untuk Penghasilan Biodiesel)

 

Nurul Farhanah Zakaria¹, Sarah Laila Mohd Jan¹*, Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai^1,2, Mohd Lokman Ibrahim^2,4 , Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim³ , Gaanty Pragas Maniam³

 

 ¹Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

⁴Centre of Nanomaterial Research, Institute of Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  sarahlaila@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 30 April 2021; Accepted: 13 July 2021; Published:  29 August 2021

 

 

Abstract

Biomass can be manipulated as a promising heterogeneous catalyst that provides greener synthesis route for sustainable production of biodiesel.  The oven-dried  rubber seed shell (RSS) biomass was ground, and calcined at 700 °C for 4 hours. Later, RSS/CaO catalysts were prepared using the wet impregnated method with 1:4 ratios and calcined at 450 °C for 4 hours. The physicochemical properties were characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Methyl ester yield obtained was 68.6% by employing 10 wt.% of catalyst loading with 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio at a temperature of 70 °C within 3 hours. Therefore, the present study verified that the RSS/CaO catalyst was one of the suitable catalysts for methyl ester production.

 

Keywords:  methyl ester, biomass, waste cooking oil

 

Abstrak

Biojisim boleh dimanipulasi sebagai bahan pemangkin heterogen harapan yang boleh menyediakan laluan sintesis lebih mesra alam sekitar untuk pengeluaran biodiesel yang lebih mampan. Kulit biji getah yang telah dikering dalam oven kemudiannya dikisar dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 700 ^°C selama 4 jam. Bahan pemangkin RSS/CaO disediakan dengan menggunakan kaedah resapan basah dengan nisbah 1:4 dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 450 °C selama 4 jam. Sifat fizikokimia dicirikan dengan menggunakan analisis termogravimetrik (TGA), spektoskopi infrmerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan mikroskopi imbasan elektron-tenaga serakan sinar-X (SEM-EDX). Hasil metil ester yang diperoleh adalah 68.6% dengan menggunakan 10% berat pemangkin dengan nisbah molar minyak dan metanol 1:12 pada suhu 70 °C dalam 3 jam. Oleh itu, kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa bahan pemangkin RSS/CaO adalah salah satu pemangkin yang sesuai untuk pengeluaran metil ester.

 

Kata kunci:  metil ester, biojisim, sisa minyak masak

 

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