Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 4 (2021): 649 - 660

 

 

 

 

OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MALAYSIAN PROPOLIS Trigona Spp. AQUEOUS EXTRACT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

 

(Pengoptimuman Suhu dan Masa Pengekstrakan pada Sebatian Fenolik dan Aktivikiti Antioksidan daripada Ekstrak Akues Propolis Kelulut (Trigona Spp.) Malaysia   menggunakan Kaedah Gerak Balas Permukaan)

 

Abdullah Hagar1, Nurlisa Fatihah Abd Rani1, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Norazsida Ramli2, Idris Adewale Ahmed3, Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil4, Mohd Nur Nashriq Anuar1

 

1Department of Nutrition Sciences,

2Department of Biomedical Science,

Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences,

International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

3Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex,

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

4School of Nutrition and Dietetics,

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author.  abumaisarah@iium.edu.my

 

 

Received: 8 July 2021; Accepted: 8 August 2021; Published:  29 August 2021

 

 

Abstract

Propolis is a natural product with rich bioactive constituents for medicinal, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic uses. It is considered a diet supplement to enhance health and prevent disease. The optimum extraction conditions used to obtain the highest yield of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities for Trigona propolis aqueous extract was analyzed   using   response  surface  methodology  and  the  central  composite  design.   The   effects of extraction temperature (X1: 30 - 60 °C) and extraction time (X2: 24 - 72 hours) on TPC (Y1), TFC (Y2), and antioxidant activities (DPPH (Y3), ABTS•+ radical scavenging assay (Y4), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Y5) were investigated. The experimental data were satisfactorily fitted into a second-order polynomial model with regard to TPC (R2 = 0.9461, p = 0.0003), TFC (R2 = 0.9110, p = 0.0015), DPPH (R2 = 0.9482, p <0.0001), ABTS (R2 = 0.9663, p <0.0001), and FRAP (R2 = 0.9058, p = 0.0018). The optimum extraction temperature and time were 43.75 °C and 52.85 hours. The predicted response values for TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP were 104.30 mg GAE/100g, 6.95 mg QE/g, 3.24 mMTE/g, 2.59 mMTE/g, and 4.34 mMTE/g, respectively. The experimental values were close to the predicted values 100.41 ± 2.74 mg GAE/100g, 6.74 ± 0.08 mg QE/g, 3.17 ± 0.08 mMTE/g, 2.76 ± 0.14 mMTE/g, and 4.60 ± 0.14 mMTE/g. As a result, the models generated are suitable, and RSM was successful in optimizing the extraction conditions. Consequently, in this study, it was observed that the optimum extraction temperature and time provided the highest antioxidant yield of aqueous propolis extract which can be used as functional food ingredients.

 

Keywords:  phenolic, antioxidant, propolis

 

Abstrak

Propolis merupakan hasil semulajadi yang kaya bahan bioaktif bagi perubatan, farmaseutikal, makanan dan kosmetik. Ia dianggap diet tambahan bagi kesihatan dan mencegah penyakit. Keadaan pengekstrakan optimum yang telah digunakan untuk hasil jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC), jumlah kandungan flavonoid (TFC), dan kapasiti antioksidan tertinggi dianalis menggunakan pengekstrakan akues propolis kelulut melalui kaedah gerak balas permukaan, reka bentuk komposit berpusat. Kesan suhu pengekstrakan (X1: 30 - 60 °C) dan masa pengekstrakan (X2: 24 - 72 jam) pada aktiviti TPC (Y1), TFC (Y2) dan aktiviti antioksidan DPPH (Y3), ABTS•+ (Y4), dan FRAP (Y5) telah diselidik. Data eksperimen diperolehi adalah sepadan bagi model polinomial peringkat kedua terhadap TPC (R2 = 0.9461, p = 0.003), TFC (R2 = 0.9110, p = 0.0015), DPPH (R2 = 0.9482, p <0.0001), ABTS (R2 = 0.9663, p <0.0001), dan FRAP (R2 = 0.9058, p=0.0018). Suhu dan masa pengekstrakan yang optimum ialah 43.75 °C dan 52.85 jam. Nilai tindak balas yang diramalkan untuk TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP adalah 104.30 mg GAE/100g, 6.95 mg QE/g, 3.24 mMTE/g, 2.59 mMTE/g, dan 4.34 mMTE/g. Nilai eksperimen hampir dengan nilai yang diramalkan iaitu 100.41 ± 2.74 mg GAE/100g, 6.74 ± 0,08 mg QE/g, 3.17 ± 0.08 mMTE/g, 2.76 ± 0,14 mMTE/g, dan 60 ± 0,14 mMTE/g. Dalam kajian ini, diperhatikan bahawa suhu dan masa pengekstrakan yang optimum memberikan hasil antioksidan tertinggi ekstrak propolis dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan makanan

 

Kata kunci:  fenolik, antioksida, propolis

 

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