Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 3 (2021): 483 - 489

 

 

 

 

SIMPLE METHOD DETERMINATION OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS SOURCES FOR DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS

 

(Kaedah Mudah untuk Penentuan Sumber Asid Tepu dan Taktepu bagi Campuran Diesel-Biodiesel)

 

Nurul Hazwah Mohd Kamarulzaman1, Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai1,2*, Muhammad Nor Fazli Abd Malek1, Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim1, Gaanty Pragas Maniam1,3

 

1Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

2Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

3Biotropic Centre Laboratory,

Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  ctnorhafiza03@yahoo.com

 

 

Received: 30 April 2021; Accepted: 6 June 2021; Published:  27 June 2021

 

 

Abstract

Biodiesel is one of the fuel alternatives made from vegetable oils and animal fats that have low emission and biodegradable profiles that are currently being used to reduce pollutions. The optimum parameters for alkali-catalyzed transesterification is 1.5 wt.% of catalyst within 2 hours at 65 ℃, molar ratio methanol to the oil of 9:1. A series of diesel-biodiesel blends of B5, B7, B10, B15 and B20 was prepared by mixing the pure diesel with biodiesel produced. Each of the blends was analyzed using UV-Visible spectroscopy to identify and differentiate the absorbance of the blends. The characterization of diesel-biodiesel (acid value, peroxide value, density, viscosity, moisture content, flash point and refractive index) was performed according to the ASTM method. The UV-Vis analysis of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid was compared to prove the suitability of the method used. All the parameters values for the blends meet the requirement of the American Standard Testing Material (ASTM) D6751 except for the moisture content. Rapid determination of blending for both types of fatty acids by UV-Vis analysis was obtained. This may benefit the related industries as well as monetary gain in countering any false claim on the percentage blend with a simple and low-cost method.

 

Keywords:  biodiesel, UV-Vis analysis, rapid analysis

 

Abstrak

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu alternatif bahan bakar yang diperbuat daripada minyak sayuran dan lemak haiwan yang mempunyai tahap penyingkiran yang rendah dan profil biodegradasi bagi mengurangkan pencemaran. Parameter optimum bagi transesterifikasi bermangkin alkali adalah 1.5 wt.% mangkin dalam masa 2 jam pada suhu 65 ℃, dan nisbah metanol kepada minyak ialah 9:1. Suatu siri campuran diesel-biodiesel B5, B7, B10, B15 dan B20 telah disediakan dengan mencampurkan diesel dengan biodiesel yang terhasil. Setiap campuran tersebut dianalisa dengan menggunakan spektroskopi Ultralembayung-nampak (UV-Vis) untuk mengenali dan membezakan penyerapan setiap campuran. Pencirian bagi diesel-biodiesel seperti keasidan, nilai peroksida, ketumpatan, kelikatan, kelembapan, titik cahaya dan indeks refraktif telah dijalankan mengikut kaedah ASTM. Analisa UV-Vis antara asid tepu dan asid tak tepu digunakan untuk melihat kesesuaian kaedah tersebut untuk jenis asid yang berbeza. Semua parameter mematuhi keperluan “American Standard Testing Material” (ASTM) D6751 kecuali kelembapan. Penentuan pantas bagi campuran diesel-biodiesel daripada dua jenis asid yang berbeza telah dijalankan. Ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada industri serta menghalang sebarang kesalahan dalam penentuan peratusan minyak campuran dengan kaedah yang mudah dan murah.

 

Kata kunci:  biodiesel, analisa UV-Vis, analisis pantas

 

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