Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 25 No 3 (2021): 521 - 531

 

 

 

 

PREPARATION OF CERIUM DOPED NICKEL OXIDE for lower REDUCTION temperature IN CARBON MONOXIDE ATMOSPHERE

 

(Penyediaan Serium yang Didopkan ke atas Nikel Oksida untuk Suhu Penurunan Lebih Rendah dalam Atmosfera Karbon Monoksida)

 

Norliza Dzakaria¹*, Azizul Hakim Lahuri², Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin³, Alinda Samsuri⁴, Fairous Salleh⁵, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak⁶, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop⁵, Mohd Ambar Yarmo⁵

 

¹Advanced Material for Environmental Remediation (AMER) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Science,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

²Department of Science and Technology,

Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

³Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies,

Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

⁵Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

⁶Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  norliza864@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 11 May 2021; Accepted: 17 June 2021; Published:  27 June 2021

 

 

Abstract

The reduction behavior of cerium nickel oxide (Ce/NiO) catalyst was investigated by using temperature programmed reduction (TPR) with exposure of 40% (v/v) carbon monoxide (CO) in nitrogen atmosphere as a reductant agent. The Ce/NiO catalysts were prepared by using the conventional impregnation method. The reduction characteristics of NiO to Ni were examined up to 700 ºC and followed by isothermal reduction. The TPR profiles of doped NiO slightly shifted to a lower temperature from 375 to 366 ºC when Ce loading was increased from 3% to 10% (wt./ wt.), respectively. Whereas the undoped NiO was reduced at a higher temperature of 387 ºC. XRD diffractogram of the catalysts showed a complete reduction of NiO to Ni. The interaction between cerium and nickel ions for Ce/NiO series leads to a slight decrease in the reduction temperature. Fine sharp particles of Ce deposited on the NiO surfaces were observed through the FESEM images indicating some morphology modification occurred on NiO. It was found that the addition of 10% (w/w) of Ce on NiO also exhibited a larger BET surface area (11.31 m²g^-1) and a smaller average pore diameter (17.7 nm). Based on these results, it is interesting to note that the addition of Ce to NiO has a remarkable influence in reducing the temperature of the reduction process. The 5% Ce/NiO was found sufficient to enhance the reducibility of NiO at a lower temperature.

 

Keywords:  reduction, nickel oxide, cerium, carbon monoxide

 

 

Abstrak

Sifat penurunan nikel oksida (NiO) dan serium (Ce) yang didopkan ke atas NiO (Ce/NiO) telah dikaji menggunakan aturcara suhu penurunan (TPR) dengan kehadiran 40% (v/v) karbon monoksida (CO) dalam nitrogen sebagai penurun. Sampel Ce/NiO disediakan menggunakan kaedah impregnasi. Sifat penurunan NiO kepada Ni dikaji dengan peningkatan suhu sehingga 700 ºC dan diikuti dengan penurunan isoterma. TPR bagi sampel NiO yang telah didop menunjukkan anjakan isyarat penurunan pada suhu yang lebih rendah daripada 375 ºC (3% (bt/bt) Ce/NiO) kepada 365 ºC (10% (bt/bt) Ce/NiO). Manakala NiO sahaja diturunkan pada suhu lebih tinggi 387 ºC. Difraktogram XRD membuktikan penurunan lengkap bagi NiO kepada Ni. Interaksi di antara ion serium dan nikel bagi siri Ce/NiO menyebabkan suhu penurunan yang lebih rendah. Partikel tajam halus Ce yang terenap pada permukaan NiO diperhatikan melalui imej-imej FESEM menunjukkan terdapat pengubahsuaian morfologinya. Penambahan 10% (bt/bt ) Ce pada NiO juga mempamerkan luas permukaan BET yang lebih tinggi (11.31 m²g^-1) dan purata diameter liang yang lebih kecil (17.7 nm). Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperolehi, amat menarik untuk menekankan bahawa penambahan Ce ke atas NiO mempunyai pengaruh yang berkesan dalam merendahkan suhu penurunan. Sampel 5% Ce/NiO (bt/bt) didapati mencukupi untuk memperolehi penurunan NiO pada suhu yang lebih rendah.

 

Kata kunci:  penurunan, nikel oksida, serium, karbon monoksida

 

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