Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 4 (2020): 495 - 502

 

 

 

 

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE LEAVES OF Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll.)

 

(Aktiviti Perencatan Asetilkolinesterase Terhadap Ekstrak Methanol dan Kajian Fitokimia ke atas Daun Macaranga gigantea (Rchb.f. & Zoll))

 

Muhammad Sulaiman Mohd Johari^{1, 2}, Norizan Ahmat^{1, 2}*, Aisyah Salihah Kamarozaman^{1, 3}, Zetty Zulikha Hafiz^{1, 2}

 

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Atta-Ur-Rahman, Institute of Natural Product,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³Centre of Foundation Studies,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  noriz118@uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 20 November 2019; Accepted: 18 June 2020; Published:  11 August 2020

 

 

Abstract

Genus Macaranga belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and is known for their mutualistic associations with ants. This plant is widely distributed in the tropics of Africa, South-East Asia, Australia and the South Pacific region. In folk medicine, traditional healers use fresh or dried leaves of Macaranga species to treat swellings, cuts, sores, boils and bruises. In this study, 20 µL methanol crude extract from the leaves of Macaranga gigantea was assayed for its in-vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The crude extract displayed a good acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity at IC₅₀ at 39.89 ± 4.57 ug/mL. Phytochemical study on the crude leaf extract lead to the isolation and purification of two pure compounds via radial chromatographic techniques. Based on the ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR analysis, the structure of the pure compounds was found to have a prenylated substituent which could be recognized through the presence of methyl, methylene, and a vinyl group. Based on the analysis of spectral data and comparison with literature, the compounds were elucidated as a geranylated stilbene, schweinfurthin C (1) and a farnesylated flavonol, macagigantin (2).

 

Keywords:  acetylcholinesterase, Euphorbiaceae, Macaranga gigantea, schweinfurthin C, macagigantin

 

Abstrak

Genus Macaranga tergolong di dalam famili Euphorbiaceae dan dikenali sebagai tumbuhan yang mempunyai hubungan mutual dengan semut. Tumbuhan ini boleh ditemui di kawasan tropika seperti Afrika, Selatan-Timur Asia, Australia dan di kawasan Selatan Pasifik. Menurut ilmu perubatan lama, pengamal perubatan mengunakan daun segar atau kering dari spesies Macaranga untuk mengubati bengkak, luka, sengal, lecur dan lebam. Melalui kajian ini, ekstrak mentah yang telah dilarutkan di dalam metanol telah diuji dengan aktiviti perencatan asetikolinesterase. Sebanyak 20 µL larutan ekstrak telah digunakan dan menunjukkan keputusan yang baik sebagai perencat asetilkolinesterase di IC₅₀ 39.89 ± 4.57 ug/mL. Kajian fitokimia yang dijalankan telah berjaya memisah dan menulenkan dua sebatian tulen menggunakan kromatografi radial. Bersandarkan pada data ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, struktur sebatian tulen yang diperoleh mempunyai kumpulan prenil yang terdiri daripada metil, metilina dan vinil. Berdasarkan analisis data spektra ini dan perbandingan dengan literatur, sebatian-sebatian tulen tersebut dicirikan sebagai geranil stilbena, schweinfurthin C (1) dan farnesil flavonol, macagigantin (2).

 

Kata kunci:  asetilkolinesterase, Euphorbiaceae, Macaranga gigantea, schweinfurthin C, macagigantin

 

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