Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 24 No 4
(2020): 615 - 629
SCREENING OF PLANTS FOR INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES
AGAINST ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY Bactrocera
dorsalis (HENDEL) FOR PEST MANAGEMENT OF MANGO Mangifera indica
(Saringan
Tumbuhan bagi Aktiviti Serangga Perosak Terhadap Lalat Buah Oriental Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) untuk
Pengurusan Serangga Perosak Mangga Mangifera indica)
Danila
S. Paragas1,2*, Kathlia D. C. Cruz1, Elaida R. Fiegalan3
1School of Chemical,
Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences,
Mapua University, Intramuros, Manila,
Philippines
2Department of
Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences
3Department of Crop
Protection, College of Agriculture
Central Luzon State University, Science City of
Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
*Corresponding author: danilaparagas1010@clsu.edu.ph
Received: 20 November 2019; Accepted: 13 June 2020; Published: 11 August 2020
Abstract
The
mango, Mangifera indica, is one of
the many fruits exported by the Philippines. However, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera:
Tephritidae), is becoming a threat to its production; thus, its control and
management are now imperative. This research conducted a preliminary screening
of different plants with insecticidal properties that could be used for the
development of potential biocides. Twenty plants were screened for their
insecticidal activities against B.
dorsalis. The plant that showed the highest mortality was further
investigated using various extraction methods such as hot infusion, maceration,
hot continuous reflux (Soxhlet), and fermentation. Several solvents were also
considered in the extraction, including rice wine, rice wash, vinegar, and distilled
water. The extracts were tested in terms of mortality against B. dorsalis after 6, 12, and 24 hours of
exposure using an improvised olfactometer. Azadirachta
indica, Andrographis paniculata, Indigofera zollingeriana, and Lantana camara gave 100% mortality at 24 hours exposure, but A. indica was the most effective, having
46.67%, 91.67%, and 100% mortality at 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively.
Further investigations employing different extraction–solvent combinations
revealed that fermentation of A. indica
leaves using rice wash is the most economical method for extracting the active
components against B. dorsalis and
can be utilized in the development of biocide for mango pest management.
Keywords:
neem, biocide, fermentation, mangoes, pest management
Abstrak
Mangga,
Mangifera indica adalah satu dari buah-buahan yang dieksport oleh
Filipina. Namun, lalat buah oriental, Bactrocera
dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) menjadi ancaman bagi
penghasilannya. Oleh itu, pengawalan dan pengurusan mestilah dimulakan. Kajian
ini dijalankan melalui saringan awal bagi tumbuhan yang mempunyai sifat
aktiviti serangga perosak yang boleh digunakan bagi pembangunan potensi
biosida. Dua puluh tumbuhan telah disaring bagi mengkaji aktiviti serangga
perosak terhadap B. dorsalis. Tumbuhan yang menunjukan kematian
tertinggi telah dikaji lebih terperinci mengunakan pelbagai kaedah
pengekstrakan seperti seduhan panas, maserasi, refluks berterusan panas
(Soxhlet), dan fementasi. Pelarut berbeza juga dipertimbang semasa
pengekstrakan termasuklah wain beras, basuhan beras, cuka dan air suling.
Ekstrak yang diuji bagi kematian terhadap B. dorsalis selepas 6, 12 dan 24 jam
pendedahan mengunakan olfaktometer yang telah ditambahbaik. Azadirachta indica, Andrographis paniculata,
Indigofera zollingeriana,
dan Lantana camara memberikan 100%
kematian pada masa 24 jam pendedahan, tetapi A. Indica adalah paling
efektif mempunyai 46.67%, 91.67%, dan 100% kematian masing-masing pada 6, 12
dan 24 jam. Kajian selanjutnya dijalankan dengan kombinasi pelarut
pengekstrakan berbeza mendedahkan bahawa fementasi daun A. Indica
mengunakan basuhan beras adalah kaedah paling ekonomikal bagi pengekstrakan
komponen aktif melawan B. dorsalis dan boleh di manfaat bagi pembangunan
biosida terhadap pengurusan serangga manga.
Kata kunci: margosa, biosida,
fementasi, manga, pengurusan serangga
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