Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 3 (2019): 423 - 435

VALIDATION ON CARBON DIOXIDE HYDRATE FORMATION THROUGH ANALYSIS ON THE SOLUBILITY OF CO₂ IN WATER USING HENRY’S LAW AND THE EXPERIMENTAL PRESSURE-TIME CURVE

(Mengesahkan Pembentukan Hidrat Karbon Dioksida Melalui Kajian Terhadap Kadar Keterlarutan CO₂ di dalam Air Menggunakan Hukum Henry dan Graf Tekanan-Masa)

Mohd Hafiz Abu Hassan¹*, Colin Edwards Snape², Lee Stevens²

¹Faculty of Science and Technology,

Islamic Science University of Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

²Cleaner Fossil Energy and Carbon Capture Technologies Research Group, Faculty of Engineering,

University of Nottingham, NG7 2TU Nottingham, United Kingdom

*Corresponding author: mhafiz.a.h@usim.edu.my

Received: 21 September 2017; Accepted: 3 May 2019

Abstract

A rise of 2 ^oC in the Earth’s temperature is likely to occur when the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere reaches approximately 450 ppm. CO₂ emissions are closely related to the continual use of fossil fuels. In order to make fossil fuels sustainable, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is required to reduce CO₂ emissions. CO₂ hydrate (CO₂:6H₂O) formation has been investigated as a way to capture CO₂. The formation of hydrate in this work was experimentally investigated in batch mode inside a vertical fixed-bed reactor (FBR), also known as high-pressure volumetric analyser (HPVA). Standard silica gel with an average particle size of 200–500 µm, mean pore size of 5.14 nm, a pore volume of 0.64 cm³/g, and a surface area of 499 m²/g was used as a porous medium. The presence of hydrate in FBR was justified by using graphic methods. The solubility of CO₂ in water using Henry’s law and the experimental pressure–time (P-t) curve were analysed to determine the formation of hydrate. Hydrate formation was confirmed when the mole fraction of CO₂ dissolved in water exceeded the Henry’s law value as well as a two-stage pressure drop in the experimental P-t curve.

Keywords: greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide hydrate, silica gel, Henry’s law, pressure-time curve

Abstrak

Kenaikan suhu bumi sebanyak 2 ^oC berkemungkinan terjadi apabila kandungan karbon dioksida di persekitaran mencapai lebih kurang 450 ppm. Pembebasan CO₂ berkait rapat dengan penggunaan bahan api fosil yang berterusan. Bagi menghasilkan bahan api fosil yang mampan, simpanan dan perangkap karbon (CCS) diperlukan untuk mengurangi pelepasan CO₂. Formasi CO₂ hidrat telah dikaji untuk memerangkap CO₂. Pembentukan hidrat telah dikaji untuk memerangkap karbon dioksida melalui eksperimen yang dijalankan menggunakan reaktor (FBR), juga dikenali sebagai penganalisa volumetrik tekanan tinggi (HPVA). Gel silika dengan purata saiz 200–500 µm, purata diameter liang 5.14 nm, isipadu liang 0.64 cm³/g, dan luas permukaan 499 m²/g telah digunakan sebagai medium untuk pembentukan hidrat. Pembentukan hidrat di dalam reaktor disahkan melalui kaedah analisis graf. Kadar keterlarutan CO₂ di dalam air dan graf tekanan-masa dikaji untuk menentukan pembentukan hidrat. Pembentukan hidrat disahkan apabila bilangan mol CO₂ yang larut di dalam air melebihi nilai hukum Henry dan juga dua peringkat penurunan tekanan dapat dilihat dalam lengkung experimen P-t.

Kata kunci: kesan rumah hijau, hidrat karbon dioksida, gel silica, hukum Henry, graf tekanan-masa

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