Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 3 (2019): 524 - 533

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2019-2303-17

 

 

 

Esterification of Acetic Acid and Benzyl Alcohol over Zeolite HX produced from Bangka Belitung Kaolin

 

(Pengesteran Asid Asetik dan Benzil Alkohol ke atas Zeolit HX Dihasilkan daripada Kaolin Bangka Belitung)

 

Vita Nur Iftitahiyah¹, Didik Prasetyoko¹*, Hartati², Yatim Lailun Ni’mah¹, Hasliza Bahruji³, Hadi Nur⁴

 

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR), Kampus C UNAIR, Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

³Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences,

University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam

⁴Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  didikp@chem.its.ac.id

 

 

Received: 25 October 2017; Accepted: 22 January 2019

 

 

Abstract

The activity of zeolite HX acid catalyst synthesized from kaolin was investigated for esterification of acetic acid with benzyl alcohol. Zeolite HX was synthesized using kaolin minerals obtained from Bangka Belitung Sumatra, Indonesia via hydrothermal method and followed by cation exchange treatment. The conversion of acetic acid was driven by the presence of Brønsted acidity with the porosity plays a crucial role in determining product selectivity. The influence of reactants concentration, the effect of reaction time and the amount of catalyst loading were investigated to obtain optimum condition of the reaction.  Zeolite HX catalyzed esterification of acetic acid to achieve 58.78% of conversion with increasing the concentrations of benzyl alcohol enhanced the conversion. The acetic acid esterification follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism with the conversion improved by prolonging the reaction time and increasing the amount of catalyst used in the system.

 

Keywords:  zeolite HX, kaolin, esterification, benzyl alcohol, fragrance

 

Abstrak

Aktiviti mangkin zeolit HX di sintesis daripada kaolin telah dikaji untuk pengesteran asid asetik dan benzil alkohol. Zeolit ​​HX telah di sintesis menggunakan mineral kaolin daripada Bangka Belitung (Sumatra, Indonesia) melalui kaedah hidrotermal dan diikuti rawatan penukaran kation. Aktiviti zeolit ​​ditentukan oleh keasidan intrinsik Brønsted dengan keliangan zeolit ​​HX memainkan peranan penting dalam pemilihan bentuknya. Pengoptimuman terperinci parameter proses seperti nisbah molar, tindak balas masa dan pemangkin ke atas HX juga dijalankan untuk menilai kesan optimum pada aktiviti pemangkin dan pemilihan. Zeolit HX didapati menjadi pemangkin untuk pengesteran dengan penukaran asid asetik sehingga 58.78% diperolehi dengan peningkatan kepekatan benzil alkohol. Pengesteran asid asetik mengikut mekanisma Eley-Rideal menghasilkan penukaran lebih baik dengan peningkatan dalam masa tindak balas dan jumlah makin yang digunakan di dalam sistem.

 

Kata kunci:  zeolit HX, kaolin, pengesteran, benzil alkohol, bau-bauan

 

References

1.       Kirumakki S. R., Nagaraju N. and Narayanan S. (2003). Kinetics of esterification of aromatic carboxylic acid over zeolites Hβ aand HZSM5 using dimethyl carbonate. Applied Catalysis A: General, 248: 161-167.

2.       Kirumakki S. R., Vijayashree, S. and Nagaraju, N. (2001). Catalytic esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid by zeolites and their modified forms. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 8: 362-367.

3.       Kirumakki S. R., Nagaraju N. and Chary K. V. R. (2006). Esterification of alcohols with acetic acid over zeolites Hβ, HY and HZSM5. Applied Catalysis A: General, 299: 185-192.

4.       Gokulakrishnan, N., Pandurangan, A. and Sinha, P. K. (2007). Esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers under autogeneous pressure: A catalytic study of Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 263: 55-61.

5.       Kirumakki S. R., Nagaraju N. and Narayanan S. (2004). A comparative esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid over zeolites Hβ, HY and HZSM5. Applied Catalysis A: General,  273: 1–9.

6.       Mozgawa, W., Krol M. dan Barczyk. (2011). FT-IR of zeolites from different structural groups.Chemik, 65(7): 667-674.

7.       Iftitahiyah. V. N. (2016). Synthesis of zeolite NaX from Bangka Belitung Kaolin as renewable source and its characterization. Thesis. Institut Teknologi Sepiluh November, Indonesia (ITS)

8.       Jermy, B. R. dan Pandurangan, A. (2005). Catalytic application of Al-MCM-41 in the esterification of acetic acid with various alcohols. Applied Catalysis A: General, 288(1–2): 25–33.

9.       Hartati, Prasetyoko, D., Santoso, M., Bahruji, H. and Triwahyono, S. (2014). Highly active aluminosilicates with a hierarchical porous structure for acetalization of 3,4- dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 69(5): 25-30.

10.    Emeis, C. A. (1993). Determination of integrated molar extinction coefficients for infrared absorption bands of pyridine adsorbed on solid acid catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 141: 347-354.

11.    Kusumaningtyas, D., Prasetyoko, D., Suprapto., Sugeng, T., Jalil A. A. and Rosyidah, A. (2017). Esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic acid over H-ZSM-5 mesoporous. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis, 12(2): 243-250.

12.    Purnomo, C. W., Salim, C. dan Hinode, H. (2012). Synthesis of pure Na–X and Na–A zeolite from bagasse fly ash. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 162: 6–13.

13.    Khoshbin, R. and Karimzadeh, R. (2017). Synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 from rice husk ash with ultrasound assisted alkali-treatment method used in catalytic cracking of light naphtha. Advanced Powder Technology, 28(8): 1888-1897.

14.    Schmidt, F., Lohe, M. R., Buchner, B., Giordanino, F., Bonino, F. and Kaskel, S. (2013). Improved catalytic performance of hierarchical ZSM-5 synthesized by desilication with surfactants. Micropore Mesopore Materials. 165: 148–157.

15.    Induri, S., Sengupta, S., dan Basu, J. K. (2010). A kinetic approach to the esterification of maleic anhydride with methanol on H-Y zeolite. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16(3): 467-73.

16.    Nandiwale K. Y., Galande N. D., Raut S. A. and Bokade V. V. (2015). Benzylation of acetic acid to benzyl acetate over highly active and reusable micro/meso HZSM5. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 93: 584-590.