Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 3 (2019): 488 - 494

GREEN MICROWAVE-ASSISTED AQUEOUS ENZYMATIC EXTRACTION OF Elateriospermum tapos SEED OILS

(Pengekstrakan Hijau Minyak Bijian Elateriospermum tapos Menggunakan Kaedah Enzim Berakues Berbantu Gelombang Mikro)

Nuraimi Azlan Hadi Tan¹ and Ida Idayu Muhamad^1,2*

¹Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering

²IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: idaidayu@utm.my

Received: 25 October 2017; Accepted: 22 January 2019

Abstract

Microwave-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (MAAEE) is a promising green technology that is fast, efficient and energy saving. The physicochemical parameters and fatty acids composition of the MAAEE-extracted oil were reportedly quite comparable with those of solvent-extracted oil and control oil, showing no significant differences (p> 0.05) among the extraction methods. However, the oxidative stability of the MAAEE obtained oil was found to be considerably improved in the comparison as evident by the determinations of chemical profile values. Moreover, the microwave-enzymatic adjuvant improved the oil extraction yield as well as the oxidation properties of the oil produced without altering its other quality attributes. The present work compared the quality characteristics of microwave-assisted aqueous enzymatic extracted Elateriospermum tapos seed oil with those of hexane-extracted oil and control oil. Interestingly, MAAEE process has achieved 12% and 16% higher extraction efficiency and concentrated omega-3 fatty acid, respectively compared to non-enzymatic microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Although resulted in lower yield than hexane-extraction (Soxhlet), MAAEE extracted 24% higher concentrated omega-3 fatty acid with almost 99% removal of anti-nutrient amygdalin within 75 seconds. Hence the study on the interaction of extraction parameters as well as the MAAEE optimization process is sustainably feasible.

Keyword: microwave assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction, seed oils, Elateriospermum tapos, amygdalin

Abstrak

Pengekstrakan enzim berakues yang dibantu dengan gelombang mikro (MAAEE) adalah teknologi hijau yang menjanjikan proses yang pantas, cekap dan penjimatan tenaga. Parameter fizikokimia dan komposisi asid lemak daripada minyak yang diekstrak MAAEE dilaporkan setara berbanding dengan minyak ekstrak-pelarut dan minyak kawalan serta tidak menunjukkan perbezaan ketara (p> 0.05) di antara kaedah pengekstrakan. Walau bagaimanapun, kestabilan oksidatif minyak MAAEE didapati lebih baik dalam perbandingan seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh penentuan nilai-nilai profil kimia. Tambahan pula, adjuvan gelombang mikro-berenzim meningkatkan hasil pengeluaran minyak serta ciri pengoksidaan minyak yang dihasilkan tanpa mengubah sifat-sifat kualiti yang lain. Kajian ini membandingkan ciri-ciri kualiti minyak biji Elateriospermum tapos secara kaedah pengekstrakan enzim berakues-berbantu gelombang mikro dengan minyak ekstrak-pelarut heksana dan minyak kawalan. Menariknya, proses MAAEE telah masing-masing mencapai kecekapan pengekstrakan 12% dan kepekatan asid lemak omega-3 16% lebih tinggi berbanding pengekstrakan berbantu gelombang mikro tanpa berenzim (MAE). Walaupun hasilan lebih rendah daripada pengekstrakan heksana (Soxhlet), MAAEE memperoleh asid lemak omega-3 berkepekatan 24% lebih tinggi dengan hampir 99% penyingkiran amigdalin anti-nutrien dalam 75 saat. Oleh itu, kajian mengenai interaksi parameter pengekstrakan serta proses pengoptimuman MAAEE menunjukkan kewajaran secara lestari.

Kata kunci: pengekstrakan enzim berakues dibantu gelombang mikro, minyak bijian, Elateriospermum tapos, amigdalin

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