Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4 (2018): 594 - 604

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-04

 

 

 

ASSESSMENT OF METALS CONCENTRATION IN TILAPIA (Oreochromis sp.) AND ESTIMATION OF DAILY INTAKE BY MALAYSIAN

 

(Penilaian Kepekatan Logam dalam Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) dan Anggaran Pengambilan Harian oleh Orang Malaysia)

 

Nurulnadia Mohd Yusoff ¹*, Siti NurTahirah Jaafar¹, Noor Azhar Mohamed Shazili², Nik Nurasyikin Nik Mohammad Azmi¹, Mohamad Sofi Abu Hassan²

 

¹School of Marine and Environmental Sciences

²Institute of Oceanography and Environment

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  nurulnadia@umt.edu.my

 

 

Received: 13 December 2017; Accepted: 11 June 2018

 

 

Abstract

Aquaculture of tilapia is growing economically and nutritionally important in Malaysia. Fish is part of the human diet, the assessment of metals concentration in their tissues is compulsory. Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured in the muscles, gills and liver tissue of tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Microwave digestion method was employed to extract the target metals followed by measurement of concentration by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The level of Cd, Cu and Pb were significantly high (p <0.05) in the liver of tilapia from Tumpat lagoon with 0.359±0.129, 71.1±31.3 and 2.14±0.451 µg/g dry weight (dw), respectively compared to the fish liver from Terengganu River. However, Zn concentration was significantly high in muscle tissues with 15.2±3.75 µg/g dw. Daily intake of metals in human was also estimated and compared to established standards. The intake levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were lower than the standards. Hence, tilapia is safe for consumption if they do not ingest the liver. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was measured in the same tissue but the correlation values between level of metals and malondialdehyde (MDA) were inconsistent. Thus, further investigation in controlled environment such as laboratory exposure experiment is necessary.

 

Keywords:  metal, daily intake, Tumpat, Terengganu, lipid peroxidation

 

Abstrak

Kepentingan akuakultur tilapia dari segi ekonomi dan pemakanan semakin meningkat di Malaysia. Oleh kerana ikan adalah sebahagian daripada diet manusia, analisis kepekatan logam di dalam tisu tilapia perlu dilakukan. Kadmium (Cd), kuprum (Cu), plumbum (Pb) dan zink (Zn) telah diukur di dalam tisu otot, insang dan hati tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Kaedah pencernaan gelombang mikro telah digunakan untuk mengekstrak logam sasaran tersebut, dan diikuti dengan pengukuran kepekatan menggunakan spektrometri plasma-jisim berganding secara aruhan (ICP-MS). Tahap Cd, Cu dan Pb di dalam hati tilapia dari lagun Tumpat ternyata tinggi (p <0.05) dengan bacaan masing-masing 0.359 ± 0.129, 71.1 ± 31.3 dan 2.14 ± 0.451 μg/g berat kering (dw) berbanding dengan hati ikan dari Sungai Terengganu. Walau bagaimanapun, kepekatan Zn ternyata tinggi (p <0.05) di dalam tisu otot iaitu 15.2 ± 3.75 μg/g dw. Pengambilan logam harian oleh manusia juga telah dianggarkan dan dibandingkan dengan kadar piawaian yang ditetapkan. Kadar pengambilan Cd, Cu, Pb dan Zn didapati lebih rendah daripada piawaian, maka tilapia selamat untuk dimakan selagi mereka tidak memakan tisu hati. Aktiviti pemperoksidaan lipid (LPO) diukur dalam tisu yang sama tetapi nilai korelasi antara tahap logam dan malondialdehid (MDA) tidak konsisten. Oleh itu, kajian lanjut dalam persekitaran terkawal seperti eksperimen di makmal perlu dilakukan.

 

Kata kunci:  logam, pengambilan harian, Tumpat, Terengganu, pemperoksidaan lipid

 

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