Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4 (2018): 586 - 593

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-03

 

 

 

FILLER AND POLYMER INTERACTIONS IN POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE/50% EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER/SILICON DIOXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES

 

(Interaksi Pengisi Dan Polimer Dalam Nanokomposit Polimetil Metakrilat/Getah Asli Terepoksida 50%/Silikon Dioksida)

 

Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri^1,2,3*, Famiza Abdul Latif^1,2,3, Ab Malik Marwan Ali^1,3, Ruhani Ibrahim¹,

Siti Izzati Husna Mohd Azuan¹, Norashima Kamaluddin¹, Fitrah Hadip¹

 

¹Faculty of Applied Sciences

²Synthesis and Application of Conducting Polymer Research Group

³Frontier Materials & Industry Application

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  sharil7240@uitm.salam.edu.my

 

 

Received: 13 April 2017; Accepted: 4 June 2018

 

 

Abstract

Polymethyl methacrylate/50% epoxidized natural rubber (PE) blend and polymethyl methacrylate/50% epoxidized natural rubber/silicon dioxide (PE15) nanocomposites were successfully prepared via solvent casting method with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent. The interactions between silicon dioxide (SiO₂) particles with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 50% epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) in PE and PE15 films were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Meanwhile, the phase separation between PMMA and ENR 50 in PE and PE15 films was monitored using optical microscopy (OM) analysis. FTIR analysis shows the presence of hydrogen bonding between PMMA and ENR 50 in PE film and functional groups responsible to the hydrogen bonding was identified. FTIR analysis also revealed that interactions between SiO₂ with PMMA and ENR 50 were SiO₂ weight percent dependent. While, OM analysis confirmed that phase separation between PMMA and ENR 50 also influenced by weight percent of SiO₂.

 

Keywords:  polymethyl methacrylate, 50% epoxidized natural rubber, silicon dioxide

 

Abstrak

Adunan polimetil metakrilat/getah asli terepoksida 50% (PE) dan nanokomposit polimetil metakrilat/getah asli terepoksida 50%/silikon dioksida (PE15) telah berjaya disediakan melalui kaedah acuan tuangan larutan dengan tetrahidrofuran (THF) sebagai pelarut. Interaksi antara zarah silikon dioksida (SiO₂) dengan polimetil metakrilat (PMMA) dan getah asli terepoksida 50% (ENR 50) dalam filem PE dan PE15 telah disiasat menggunakan analisis inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Sementara itu, fasa pemisahan antara PMMA dan ENR 50 dalam filem PE dan PE15 telah dipantau menggunakan analisis mikroskopi optik (OM). Analisis FTIR menunjukkan kewujudan ikatan hidrogen antara PMMA and ENR 50 dalam filem PE dan kumpulan berfungsi yang bertanggungjawab kepada ikatan hidrogen telah dikenalpasti. Analisis FTIR juga menunjukkan bahawa interaksi antara SiO₂ dengan PMMA dan ENR 50 adalah bergantung kepada peratusan berat SiO₂. Manakala, analisis OM mengesahkan bahawa fasa pemisahan antara PMMA dan ENR 50 juga dipengaruhi oleh peratusan berat SiO₂.

 

Kata kunci:  polimetil metakrilat, 50% getah asli terepoksida, silikon dioksida

 

References

1.       Latif, F. A., Aziz, M., Katun, K., Ali, M. A. M. and Yahya, M. Z. (2006). The role and impact of rubber in poly(methyl methacrylate)/lithium triflate electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources, 159: 1401-1404.

2.       Yuan, W., Li, M. and Yang, M. (2006). Dual-phase polymer electrolyte with enhanced phase compatibility based on Poly(MMA-g-PVC)/PMMA. European Polymer Journal, 42: 1396-1402.

3.       Sengwa, R. J., Dhatarwal, P. and Choudhary, S. (2014). Role of preparation methods on the structural and dielectric properties of plasticized polymer blend electrolytes: Correlation between ionic conductivity and dielectric parameters. Electrochimica Acta, 142: 359-370.

4.       Huitric, J., Ville, J., Mederic, P. and Aubry, T. (2017). Solid-state morphology, structure, and tensile properties of polyethylene/polyamide/nanoclay blends: Effect of clay fraction. Polymer Testing, 58: 96-103.

5.       Bahrami, R., Lobling, T. I., Schmalz, H., Müller, A. H. E. and Altstadt, V. (2017). Synergistic effects of Janus particles and triblock terpolymers on toughness of immiscible polymer blends. Polymer, 109: 229-237.

6.       Wong, A. C. Y. and Lam, F. (2002). Study of selected thermal characteristics of polypropylene/polyethylene binary blends using DSC and TGA. Polymer Testing, 21(6): 691-696.

7.       Noriman, N. Z., Ismail, H. and Rashid, A. A. (2010). Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends: The effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as a compatibilizer. Polymer Testing, 29(2): 200-208.

8.       Arroyo, M., Manchado, M. A. L., Valentίn, J. L. and Carretero, J. (2007). Morphology/behaviour relationship of nanocomposites based on natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Composites Science and Technology, 67: 1330-1339.

9.       Ploypetchara, N., Suppakul, P., Atong, D. and Pechyen, C. (2014). Blend of polypropylene/poly(lactic acid) for medical packaging application: physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. Energy Procedia, 56: 201-210.

10.    Takayama, T., Todo, M. and Tsuji, H. (2011). Effect of annealing on the mechanical properties of PLA/PCL and PLA/PCL/LTI polymer blends. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 4 (3): 255-260.

11.    Zamri, S. F. M. and Latif, F. A. (2013). SiO₂ filler as interface modifier in PMMA/ENR 50 electrolytes. Advanced Materials Research, 812: 120-124.

12.    Pradeepa, P., Raj, S. E and Prabhu, M. R. (2015). Effects of ceramic filler in poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethyl methacrylate) based polymer blend electrolytes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 26: 1191-1196.

13.    Hema, M. and Tamilselvi, P. (2016). Lithium ion conducting PVA:PVdF polymer electrolytes doped with nano SiO₂ and TiO₂ filler. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 96 – 97: 42-48.

14.    Huang, C. F. and Chang, F. C. (2003). Comparison of hydrogen bonding interaction between PMMA/PMAA blends and PMMA-co-PMAA copolymers. Polymer, 44(10): 2965-2974.

15.    Qu, C., Yang, H., Liang, D., Cao, W. and Fu, Q. (2007). Morphology and Properties of PET/PA-6/SiO₂ Ternary Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104: 2288-2296.

16.    Zamri, S. F. M., Latif, F. A., Ali, A. M. M., Ibrahim, R., Azuan, H. I. H. M, Kamaluddin, N. and Hadip, F. (2017). Exploration on effects of 15 nm SiO₂ filler on miscibility, thermal stability and ionic conductivity of PMMA/ENR 50 electrolytes. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1809: 020049.

17.    Zhang, Q., Yang, H. and Fu, Q. (2004). Kinetics-controlled compatibilization of immiscible polypropylene /polystyrene blends using nano-SiO₂ particles. Polymer, 45(6): 1913-1922.

18.    Du, M., Wu, Q., Zuo, M. and Zheng, Q. (2013) Filler effects on the phase separation behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate)/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) binary polymer blends. European Polymer Journal, 49(9): 2721-2729.