Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4 (2018): 702 - 714
DOI:
10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-17
LIQUID MEMBRANE COMPONENT SELECTION FOR REMOVAL OF
PHENOL FROM SIMULATED AQUEOUS WASTE SOLUTION
(Pemilihan Komponen Cecair Membran untuk Pembuangan Fenol
daripada Air Sisa)
Muhammad Bukhari Rosly1, Norasikin Othman1,2*, Hilmi
Abdul Rahman1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical
and Energy Engineering
2Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research, Ibnu
Sina Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding
author: norasikin@cheme.utm.my
Received: 16
April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018
Abstract
Phenol
is considered as one of the environmental pollutants in various industrial
effluents that needs to be removed. One of the potential methods for the
removal and recovery of phenol is the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process.
In order to prepare a stable and efficient emulsion liquid membrane, selecting
the components of the membrane is crucial to the process development. This
research was conducted to investigate the feasibility of palm oil as an organic
solvent in liquid membrane (LM) formulation for phenol extraction and to study
the effects of several parameters which affect the extraction and recovery
performance of phenol using liquid-liquid extraction. The feasibility of palm
oil was investigated by manipulating the organic solvent used, either palm oil
or a mixture of palm oil and kerosene. Several parameters such as type of
carrier, carrier concentration, type of stripping agent and stripping agent
concentration were varied during LM component selection. The results showed
that mixed palm oil and kerosene provides a high potential as an organic solvent
for the extraction of phenol. About 71% of phenol was extracted at a palm oil
to kerosene ratio of 70:30 and assisted with shorter time of phase separation
between loaded organic and phenol feed phase. The addition of 0.1M of TBP
(tributyl phosphate) as a carrier increased the extraction of phenol to 86% and
prevented the third phase formation. Meanwhile, 2M of sodium hydroxide was able
to act as a stripping agent to recover 81% of the phenol from the overall
process. It can be concluded that palm oil has shown great potential in
extracting phenol and could be applied in an ELM process as a green solvent for
an emulsion liquid membrane process.
Keywords: phenol, wastewater, liquid membrane
components selection, liquid-liquid extraction, organic solvent
Abstrak
Fenol dipertimbangkan sebagai
salah satu bahan pencemar daripada air sisa buangan industri yang perlu
dirawat. Salah satu kaedah yang berpotensi untuk penyingkiran dan pemulihan
fenol adalah proses emulsi membran cecair (ELM). Pemilihan komponen membran
adalah penting untuk membentuk emulsi membran cecair yang stabil dan cekap.
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kebolehan minyak kelapa sawit sebagai
pelarut organik dalam membran cecair (LM) untuk pengekstrakan fenol dan untuk
mengkaji kesan terhadap beberapa parameter yang mempengaruhi pengekstrakan dan
pemulihan fenol menggunakan pengekstrakan cecair-cecair. Kesesuaian minyak
kelapa sawit dikaji dengan memanipulasi pelarut organik yang digunakan, sama
ada minyak kelapa sawit atau campuran minyak kelapa sawit dan kerosin. Beberapa
parameter seperti jenis pembawa, kepekatan pembawa, jenis agen pelucut dan
kepekatan agen pelucut diubah semasa pemilihan komponen LM. Keputusan
menunjukkan bahawa campuran minyak sawit dan kerosin berpotensi tinggi sebagai
pelarut organik dalam pengekstrakan fenol. Kira-kira 71% fenol diekstrak oleh
campuran minyak kelapa sawit dan kerosin yang bernisbah 70:30 dengan kadar masa
pemisahan fasa yang lebih pendek di antara fasa organik yang mempunyai fenol
dan fasa suapan. Penambahan 0.1M TBP (tributil fosfat) sebagai pembawa
meningkatkan pengekstrakan fenol kepada 86% dan menghalang pembentukan fasa
ketiga. Sementara itu, 2M natrium hidroksida mampu bertindak sebagai agen
pelucutan untuk mendapatkan 81% daripada fenol daripada keseluruhan proses.
Dapat disimpulkan bahawa minyak sawit telah menunjukkan potensi yang besar
dalam mengekstrak fenol dan boleh digunakan dalam proses ELM sebagai pelarut
hijau untuk proses emulsi membran cecair.
Kata kunci: fenol, air sisa, pemilihan komponen membran
cecair, pengekstrakan cecair-cecair, pelarut organik
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