Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4 (2018): 648 - 658

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-11

 

 

 

SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ADSORPTION-PHOTODEGRADATION OF COMPOSITE TiO₂/AC FOR DEGRADATION OF

1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE

 

(Kesan Sinergistik Penjerapan-Fotopenguraian dari Bahan Komposit TiO₂/AC untuk Mengurai 1-Butil-3-Metillimidazolium Klorida)

 

Azhar Zawawi, Raihan Mahirah Ramli*, Noorfidza Yub Harun

 

Chemical Engineering Department,

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: raihan.ramli@utp.edu.my

 

 

Received: 16 April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018

 

 

Abstract

Most ionic liquids (ILs) were reported to be highly toxic and non-biodegradable such as ILs with imidazolium type cation. To overcome this problem, degradation of imidazolium based ILs via advance oxidation process is needed. In this research, photocatalytic study was employed in order to study the efficiency of the system for removal of ILs from wastewater. To introduce synergistic effect of adsorption-photodegradation, composite photocatalyst TiO₂/AC was synthesized using two steps (1) nano-TiO₂ was synthesized using microemulsion method and (2) it deposited onto functionalize (AC) activated carbon using impregnation method. The prepared composite photocatalyst was characterized using Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM). Photocatalytic study of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) was employed under visible light region. Increasing amount of AC as support increased the degradation rate of bmimCl. However, excess AC reduced the removal rate of bmimCl. Composite TiO₂/AC with 10 wt.% AC as support shows highest degradation rate with total removal 18.47%. Composite photocatalyst may enhance the diffusion rate between bmimCl and TiO₂ surface which increase the efficiency for overall systems.

 

Keywords:  photodegradation, TiO₂, ionic liquid, activated carbon, synergistic

 

Abstrak

Penggunaan cecair ionik (ILs) dilaporkan sebagai sangat toksik dan tidak biodegradasi. Oleh itu, penguraian ILs dengan melalui proses pengoksidaan amat diperlukan. Dalam kajian ini, sistem fotopemangkin telah dilaksanakan untuk mengkaji kecekapan sistem ini dalam menyingkirkan ILs daripada air sisa. Komposit fotopemangkin TiO₂/AC telah dihasilkan untuk mencetuskan kesan sinergistik penjerapan-fotopenguraian untuk mengurai Ils melalui dua langkah (1) nano-TiO₂ telah dihasilkan melalui kaedah mikroemulsi dan (2) dicampurkan bersama karbon yang diaktifkan melalui kaedah pengisitepuan. Komposit fotopemangkin yang dihasilkan telah dihantar untuk proses pencirian bagi mengkaji ciri-ciri fizikal dan kimia fotopemangkin seperti analisis gravimetrik termo (TGA), Brenaeur-Emmet-Teller (BET) dan mikroskopi elektron pancaran medan (FESEM). Kajian fotopenguraian 1-butil-3-metilimidazolium klorida (bmimCl) sebagai rujukan ILs telah dilaksanakan di bawah sinar nampak. Penambahan bilangan AC sebagai sokongan telah meningkatkan kadar penguraian bmimCl. Walau bagaimanapun, sekiranya AC yang digunakan sebagai sokongan terlalu banyak, ianya telah mengurangkan kadar penguraian bmimCl. Komposit TiO₂/AC dengan bilangan 10 wt.% AC sebagai sokongan telah menunjukkan kadar penguraian yang paling tinggi. Komposit fotopemangkin akan meningkatkan kadar penyebaran antaran bmimCl and permukaan TiO₂ yang mana akan meningkatkan kecekapan sistem secara keseluruhannya.

 

Kata kunci:  fotopenguraian, TiO₂, cecair ionik, karbon aktif, sinergistik

 

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