Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 4
(2018): 570 - 578
DOI:
10.17576/mjas-2018-2204-01
MACRO, MICRO,
AND NON-ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF Rhizophora apiculata
(Makro, Mikro
dan Elemen Tidak Perlu di dalam Pelbagai Bahagian Rhizophora apiculata)
Fathullah Abdullah1, Hasrizal Shaari1,2*, Behara
Satyanarayana2, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik1,
Mohd. Zaidi Mohd. Jaafar1
1School of Marine and Environmental Science
2Institute of Oceanography and Environment
Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu,Malaysia
*Corresponding
author: riz@umt.edu.my
Received: 26
August 2017; Accepted: 1 July 2018
Abstract
A total of 50
samples of different parts (roots, stem disks, barks, trunks, twigs, and
leaves) from five individuals of 20-year-old Rhizophora apiculata were sampled at Matang Mangrove Forest, Kuala
Sepetang, Perak. The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of
selected macroelements (K, Mg, Na, and Ca), microelements (Al, Fe, Zn, Mn and
Cu) and non-essential elements (Pb and Cd) in different parts of R. apiculata. The elemental analysis was
conducted by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer
(ICP-OES). The mean value of the studied elements was recorded in the
decreasing order of Ca > Na > K > Mg > Mn > Al > Fe > Zn
> Cu > Pb > Cd. The highest value of Ca compared to other elements in
the major parts of R. apiculata is
closely related to the role of this element in the cell wall formation. The
variable concentration of elements in the different parts of R. apiculata is attributed to the
absorption mechanism of the trees. High values of some macroelements than
microelements suggest that a macroelement is more significant for the growth of
R. apiculata. The lower mean values of
Pb and Cd than other elements suggest that non-essential elements are not
significantly involved in the major process of this mangrove species. This
study is crucial in providing a preliminary data of the different types of
elements in the different parts of the R.
apiculata species, and its importance for the future development of the
charcoal industry in Kuala Sepetang, Perak.
Keywords: Mangrove forest, Rhizophora apiculata, macroelement, microelement, non-essential
element
Abstrak
Sebanyak 50 sampel terdiri
daripada pelbagai bahagian (akar, batang pokok, kulit, dahan, ranting dan daun)
daripada 5 batang pokok spesis Rhizophora
apiculata berusia 20 tahun telah di ambil di Hutan Simpan Matang. Kuala
Sepetang, Perak. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mencari nilai kepekatan elemen
yang terpilih daripada makroelemen (K, Mg, Na dan Ca), mikroelemen (Al, Fe, Zn,
Mn and Cu) and elemen tidak perlu (Pb dan Cd) yang terdapat dalam pelbagai
bahagian pokok R. apiculata. Kaedah
mendapatkan elemen adalah dengan menggunakan spektrometer pancaran optikal-
gandingan aruhan plasma (ICP-OES). Purata jumlah elemen dalam kajian ini
dicatat dalam kedudukan menurun daripada Ca > Na > K > Mg > Mn >
Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Elemen Ca adalah tertinggi jika
dibandingkan dengan elemen yang lain adalah disebabkan pokok Rhizophora apiculata memerlukan elemen
ini untuk pembentukkan sel-sel dinding. Jumlah elemen yang pelbagai adalah
disebabkan daripada cara mekanisma penyerapan pokok tersebut. Makroelemen
tinggi dari mikroelemen adalah disebabkan makroelemen memerlukan sejumlah besar
untuk proses tumbesaran pokok. Elemen Pb dan Cd dicatat rendah dibandingkan
element lain disebabkan elemen ini tidak terlibat secara terus dalam proses
utama tumbesaran pokok ini. Kajian ini dikaji adalah untuk rujukan bagi spesis Rhizophora apiculata dan ini adalah
penting bagi pembuatan industri arang kayu di Kuala Sepetang, Perak.
Kata kunci: Hutan bakau, Rhizophora apiculata, makroelemen,
mikroelemen, elemen tak perlu
References
1. Mazlan, A. G.,
Zaidi, C. C., Wan-Lotfi, W. M. and Othman, B. H. R. (2005). On the current
status of marine bio-diversity in Malaysia. Indian
Journal of Marine Science, 34: 76-87.
2. Agoramoorty, G.,
Chen, F. A. and Hsu, M. J. (2008). Threat of heavy metal pollution in
halophytic and mangrove plants of Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 155: 320-326.
3. Lewis, M.,
Pryor, R. and Wilking, L. (2011). Fate and effects of anthropogenic chemical in
mangrove ecosystem: A review. Journal of
Environmental Pollution, 159: 2328-2346.
4. Sternberg, L. D.
L., Teh, S. Y., Ewe, S. M. L., Miralles- Wilhelm, F. and DeAngelis, D. l.
(2007). Competition between hardwood hammocks and mangrove. Journal of Ecosystem, 10: 648-660.
5. Kathiresan, K.
and Qasim, S. Z. (2005). Biodiversity of mangrove ecosystem. New Delhi, India:
Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India), New Delhi: pp. 251.
6. Rönnbäck, P.,
Troell, M., Kautsky, N. and Primavera, J. H. (1999). Distribution pattern of
shrimps and fish among Avicennia and Rhizophora microhabitats in the Pagbilao
mangrove, Philippines. Journal of
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 48: 223-234.
7. MacFarlane G. R.
and Burchett M. D. (2002). Toxicity, growth and accumulation relationships of
copper, lead and zinc in the grey mangrove Avicennia
marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Marine
Environmental Research, 54: 65–84.
8. Silva, C. A. R.,
Lacerda, L. D. and Rezende, C. E. (1990). Heavy metal reservoirs in a red
mangrove forest. Journal of Biotropica, 22:
339–345.
9. Kamaruzzaman, B.
Y. and Ong, M. C. (2009). Accumulation of lead and copper in Rhizophora apiculata from Setiu mangrove
forest, Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of
Environmental Biology, 30: 821-824.
10. Kamaruzzaman, B.
Y., Rina Sharlinda, M. Z., John, B. A. and Waznah, A. S. (2011). Accumulation
and Distribution of lead and copper in Avicennia
marina and Rhizophora apiculata
from Balok mangrove forest, Pahang, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 40(6): 555-560.
11. Wu, S., Feng, X.
and Wittmeier, A. (1997). Microwave digestion of plant grain reference
materials in nitric acid or mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide for
the determination of multi-elements by inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry. Journal of Analytical
Atomic Spectrometry, 12: 797-806.
12. Ramos, S. C. A.,
da Silva, A. P. and de Oliveira. S. R. (2006). Concentration, stock and
transport rate of heavy metals in a tropical red mangrove, Natal, Brazil. Marine Chemistry, 99: 2-11.
13. Teiz, L. and
Zeiger, R. (1991). Plant physicology. The Benjamin-Cumming Publishing Company,
Redwood City, CA, USA: pp. 565.
14. Qiu, Y. W., Yu,
K. F., Zhang, G. and Wang, W. X. (2011). Accumulation and partitioning of seven
trace elements in mangroves and sediment cores from three estuarine wetlands of
Hanan Island, China. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 190: 631-638.
15. MacFarlane, G.
R., Pulkownik, A. and Burchett M. D. (2003). Accumulation and distribution of
heavy metals in the grey mangrove, Avicennia
marina (Forsk.) Vierh: Biological indication potential. Environmental Pollution, 123: 139-151.
16. Glenn, E. P.,
Brown, J. J. and Blumwald, E. (1999). Salt tolerance and crop potential of
halophytes. Journal of Critical Review of
Plant Sciences, 18: 227-255.
17. Khalil, N. A.,
Al-Murshidy, W. A., Eman, A. M. and Badawy, R. A. (2015). Effect of plant
density and calcium nutrition on growth and yield of some faba bean varieties
under saline condition. Journal of
International Scientific Publications, 3: 440-450.
18. Hsiao, T. C. and
Lauchli, A. (1986). Role of potassium in plant-water relation. Advanced Plant Nutrition, 2: 28-31.
19. Leigh, R. A. and
Wyn Jones, R. G. (1984). A hypothesis relating critical potassium
concentrations for growth to the distribution and functions of this ion in the
plant cell. New Phytologist, 97: 1-13.
20. Downton, W. J.
S. (1982). Growth and osmotic relations of the mangrove Avicennia marina, as influenced by salinity. Functional Plant Biology, 9(5): 519-528.
21. Reef, R.,
Feller, I. C. and Lovelock, C. E. (2010). Nutrition of mangroves. Tree Physiology, 30(9): 1148-1160.
22. Chowdhury, R.,
Favas, P. J C., Pratas, J., Jonathan, M. P., Ganesh, P. S. and Sarkar, S. K.
(2015). Accumulation of trace element by mangrove plants in Indian Sundarban
Wetland: Prospects for phytoremediation. International
Journal of Phytoremediation, 17(9): 885-894.
23. Jones, J. B.,
Wolf, B. and Mills, H. A. (1991). Plant analysis handbook: A practical
sampling, preparation, analysis and interpretation guide. Micro and Macro
Publishing, New York.
24. Kathiresan, K.,
Saravanankumar, K. and Mullai, P. (2014). Bioaccumulation of trace elements by Avicennia marina. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2(11): 888-894.
25. Shaw, A. J.
(1990). Heavy metal tolerance in plant: Evolutionary Aspects. CRC Press,
Florida.
26. Anikwe, M. N.
and Nwobodo, K. C. A. (2002). Long-term effect of municipal waste disposal on
soil properties and productivity of sites used for urban agriculture in
Abakaliki, Nigeria. Bioresources
Technology, 83: 241-250.
27. Abohassan, R. A.
(2013). Heavy metal pollution in Avicennia
marina mangrove system on the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Abdulaziz University;
Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Science, 24: 35-53.
28. Alloway, B. J.
(1995) Soil processes and the behaviour of metals. In: Alloway BJ (ed). Heavy
metals in soils. Blackie Academic and
Professional, New York: pp. 11-50.
29. Bodin, N.,
Gom-Kâ, R., Thiaw, O. T., Tito de Morais, L., Le Locˊh, F. and Rozuel-Chartier,
E. (2013). Assessment of trace metal contamination in mangrove ecosystem from
Senegal, West Africa. Chemosphere, 90:
50-57.
30. Usman, A. R. A.,
Alkredaa, R. S. and Wabel, M. I. A. (2013). Heavy metal contamination in
sediments and mangroves from the coast of Red Sea: Avicennia marina as potential metal bioaccumulator. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
97: 263-270.
31. Wang, Y., Qiu,
Q., Xin, G., Yang, Z., Zheng J., Ye, Z. and Li, S. (2013). Heavy metal
contamination in a vulnerable mangrove swamp in South China. Environmental Monitoring Assessment,
185(7): 5775-5787.
32. Yu, R. L., Hu,
G. R., Zhang, W. F. and Liu B. X. (2015). Accumulation and transfer of heavy
metals in the mangroves from Quanzhou Bay Wetland, South East Coast of China. Journal of Residuals Science &
Technology, 12: 79-83.
33. Nirmal Kumar, I.
J., Sajish, P. R., Nirmal Kumar, R., Basil, G. and Shailendra, V. (2011). An
assessment of the accumulation potential of Pb, Zn and Cd by Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. in
Vamleshwar Mangroves, Gujarat, India. Notulae
Scientia Biologicae, 3(1): 36-40.