Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 2 (2018): 203 - 218

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY ON THE EFFECTS OF SODA – ANTHRAQUINONE PULPING CONDITIONS ON OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES PULP PROPERTIES

(Kaedah Gerak Balas Permukaan Terhadap Kesan Faktor-Faktor Pemulpaan Soda-Antrakuinon Ke Atas Sifat-sifat Gentian Tandan Buah Kosong Kelapa Sawit)

Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan¹*, Mazlan Ibrahim², Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus¹

¹School of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Pahang

²School of Industrial Technology,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: nurulhusna@uitm.edu.my

Received: 15 November 2016; Accepted: 29 January 2018

Abstract

Effects of soda–antrhraquinone (soda-AQ) pulping conditions on pulp properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches were studied by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Alkali charge (A), pulping temperature (T) and pulping time (t) were the pulping factors studied, with their ranges between 20 - 30%, 160 - 180 °C and 60 - 120 minutes, respectively. Pulp properties evaluated based on total yield (35.37 - 58.87%), screened yield (30.37 - 56.07%), Kappa number (6 – 16) and viscosity (5.43 - 16.02 cP). The effect of soda-AQ pulping conditions on oil palm empty fruit bunches fibers was clearly elucidated by the regression model obtained. The generated mathematical relationship showed that the optimum pulping condition was 27.30% alkali charge, temperature 160 ^oC at 60 minutes. This combination of mild pulping conditions level produced: total yield (55.54%), screened yield (53.20%), Kappa number (10) and viscosity (12.02 cP).

Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, pulp properties, response surface methodology

Abstrak

Kesan faktor-faktor pemulpaan soda-antrakuinon ke atas sifat-sifat gentian tandan buah kosong kelapa sawit telah dikaji dengan menggunakan kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) berasaskan rekabentuk komposit berpusat (CCD). Julat faktor-faktor pemulpaan iaitu cas alkali (A), suhu pemulpaan (T) dan masa pemulpaan (t) adalah antara 20 – 30%, 160 – 180 ^oC dan 60 – 120 minit. Sifat-sifat gentian yang dinilai adalah berdasarkan jumlah keseluruhan (35.37 - 58.87%), hasil saringan (30.37 - 56.07%), nombor Kappa (6 – 16) dan kelikatan (5.43 - 16.02 cP). Pengaruh faktor-faktor pemulpaan soda-AQ ke atas gentian tandan buah kosong kelapa sawit dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan model regrasi yang diperolehi. Melalui persamaan matematik yang terhasil, pemulpaan optimum berlaku apabila faktor-faktor pemulpaan iaitu cas alkali, suhu pemulpaan dan masa pemulpaan diselaraskan pada 27.3%, 160 ^oC dan 60 minit. Penggunaan kombinasi aras faktor pemulpaan yang rendah ini dapat menghasilkan hasil keseluruhan (55.54%), hasil penskrinan (53.20%), nombor Kappa (10) dan kelikatan (12.02 cP).

Kata kunci: tandan buah kosong kelapa sawit, sifat-sifat gentian, kaedah gerak balas permukaan

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