Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 21 No 5 (2017): 1074 - 1079

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2105-09

 

 

 

DEGRADATION OF IMAZAPYR AND IMAZAPIC IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND SOIL UNDER DIRECT SUNLIGHT

 

(Degradasi Imazapyr dan Imazapic dalam Larutan Akueus dan Tanah di bawah Cahaya Matahari)

 

Siti Norashikin Mohamad Shaifuddin¹, Hazilia Hussain¹*, Hamzah Fansuri Hassan², Nazri Che Dom¹,

Razi Ikhwan Md Rashid¹

 

¹Department of Environmental Health and Safety

²Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author:  hazilia@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 25 January 2017; Accepted: 3 July 2017

 

 

Abstract

Photolytic degradation of imazapyr and imazapic in aqueous solutions (pH 3, 7 and 9) and soil under direct sunlight were studied. A total of 0.1 mL of aqueous solutions containing herbicides were collected at 0, 1, 2 and 3 days and were directly analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) without further clean-up process. Soils that were treated with herbicides were sampled at seven different days (0, 1, 5, 10, 16, 23 and 30). The photolytic results showed that imazapyr and imazapic degraded faster in solutions compared to soils (> 90%). Photolysis of imidazolinone herbicides became more effective as the pH value increased. The half-lives for imazapyr and imazapic degradation on soil surface under sunlight were calculated at 126 days and 85.56 days, respectively. Low degradation of imazapyr and imazapic in soil becomes a concern since it may contribute to the persistency of imidazolinone herbicides in this media. The use of these herbicides should be planned well to reduce the risk of herbicides leaching into groundwater and posing risk to non-target crops and organism.  

 

Keywords:  photolysis, imazapyr, imazapic, aqueous solutions, soil

 

Abstrak

Kajian degradasi fotolitik bagi imazapyr dan imazapic dalam larutan akueus (pH 3, 7 dan 9) dan tanah di bawah cahaya matahari telah dijalankan. Sebanyak 0.1 mL cecair larutan yang mengandungi racun rumpai telah diambil pada hari 0, 1, 2 dan 3 dan terus dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi dengan pengesan ultra-ungu (HPLC-UV) tanpa melalui sebarang proses pembersihan. Tanah yang telah dicampurkan dengan racun rumpai telah disampelkan pada tujuh hari yang berbeza (0, 1, 5, 10, 16, 23 dan 30). Keputusan fotolitik menunjukkan imazapyr dan imazapic lebih cepat terurai di dalam cecair berbanding dengan tanah (>90%). Fotolisis racun rumpai imidazolinon adalah lebih berkesan apabila pH meningkat. Jangka masa separuh hayat untuk imazapyr dan imazapic terurai di permukaan tanah di bawah cahaya matahari masing-masing adalah 126 dan 85.56 hari. Degradasi rendah bagi imazapyr dan imazapic dalam tanah telah menjadi suatu kebimbangan kerana ia boleh menyumbang kepada pengekalan racun rumpai imidazolinon di dalam media ini. Penggunaan racun rumpai ini perlu dirancang dengan sebaiknya bagi mengurangkan risiko untuk racun larut terlesap ke dalam air bawah tanah dan menimbulkan risiko kepada tanaman dan organisma yang bukan sasarannya.

 

Kata kunci:  fotolisis, imazapyr, imazapic, larutan akueus, tanah

 

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