Malaysian
Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 21 No 5 (2017): 996 - 1007
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2105-01
PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR PHOTOCATALYSIS AND PHOTO-FENTON
DEGRADATION OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
(Prestasi Fotopemangkinan dan
Degradasi Foto-Fenton Menggunakan Sinar Suria ke atas Efluen Kilang Minyak Kelapa Sawit)
Devagi Kanakaraju1*, Nurul Liyana Binti
Ahmad1, Noorfaezah Binti Mohd Sedik1, Sylvester Gan Hsien Long1, Tay Meng Guan1,
Lim Ying Chin2
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science
and Technology,
Universiti Malaysia
Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
2School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty
of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding
author: kdevagi@unimas.my
Received:
16 August 2016; Accepted: 5 April 2017
Abstract
Palm
oil mill effluent (POME) contains significant amounts of organic matter,
solids, and grease or oil, which requires appropriate treatment prior to being
discharged into the environment. In this study, solar radiation was
investigated as a possible source of photon in the solar TiO2
and ZnO photocatalysis, and solar photo-Fenton treatments to reduce
the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in POME. The results indicated that solar
photo-Fenton was more efficient in reducing COD levels compared to dark Fenton
and indoor photo-Fenton. The highest removal was recorded at 89% in the
presence of 1:30 ratio of Fe2+:H2O2 under
acidic pH (~2.8) after 3 hours of solar exposure. Increased concentrations of H2O2
have greatly influenced the COD removal. Additionally, solar TiO2 photocatalysis
(pH~3.7; TiO2 = 0.1 g/L) has outperformed solar photolysis and solar
ZnO photocatalysis in reducing COD levels in POME. With successive increase of
TiO2 from 0.02 to 0.1 g/L, the removal of COD had linearly increased
from 54.3% to 88.5% after 5 hours of solar exposure. Based on the investigated
conditions, the optimum TiO2 concentration of 0.1 g/L was concluded.
In conclusion, solar TiO2 photocatalysis and solar photo-Fenton can
be applied as possible means to reduce the organic loads in POME.
Keywords: advanced oxidation process, organic
matter, reduction, solar, titanium dioxide
Abstrak
Efluen kilang
minyak kelapa sawit (POME) mengandungi jumlah bahan organik, pepejal dan gris
atau minyak yang ketara yang memerlukan rawatan sesuai sebelum ia boleh
disalurkan ke persekitaran. Dalam kajian ini, sinar suria dikaji sebagai salah
satu sumber foton dalam fotopemangkinan TiO2 dan ZnO sinar suria dan
rawatan foto-Fenton menggunakan sinar suria untuk mengurangkan keperluan
oksigen kimia (COD) dalam POME. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan foto-Fenton
menggunakan sinar suria adalah lebih berkesan dalam menurunkan COD berbanding
dengan Fenton bercahaya dalam dan Fenton tanpa cahaya. Penyingkiran tertinggi yang
dicatatkan ialah 89% menggunakan nisbah Fe2+:H2O2
sebanyak 1:30 dalam pH berasid (~2.8) selepas pendedahan kepada sinar suria
selama 3 jam. Peningkatan kepekatan H2O2 sangat
mempengaruhi penyingkiran COD. Tambahan pula, fotopemangkinan TiO2 menggunakan
sinar suria (pH~3.7; TiO2 = 0.1 g/L) menunjukkan prestasi yang lebih
baik berbanding dengan fotolisis dan fotopemangkinan ZnO menggunakan sinar
suria dalam mengurangkan kandungan COD dalam POME. Peningkatan TiO2
secara berturutan dari 0.02 ke 0.1 g/L meningkatkan penyingkiran COD secara
linear daripada 54.3% ke 88.5% selepas pendedahan kepada sinar suria selama 5
jam. Berdasarkan keadaan eksperimen yang dikaji dapat dirumuskan bahawa
kepekatan optimum TiO2 ialah sebanyak 0.1 g/L. Kesimpulannya, teknik
fotopemangkinan TiO2 sinar suria dan Fenton sinar suria boleh
digunakan untuk mengurangkan kandungan organik dalam POME.
Kata kunci: proses
pengoksidaan termaju, bahan organik, penurunan, sinar suria, titanium dioksida
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