Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 21 No 4 (2017): 880 - 888

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2104-14

 

 

 

OPTIMIZATION BY BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN OF IN-SITU CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION USING LANTHANUM OXIDE

 

(Pengoptimuman Dengan Reka Bentuk Box-Behnken Untuk Penukaran in-situ Karbon Dioksida Menggunakan Lantanum Oksida)

 

Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar*, Rusmidah Ali

 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: wazelee@kimia.fs.utm.my

 

 

Received: 20 September 2016; Accepted: 16 May 2017

 

 

Lanthanum oxide based catalyst was revealed as one of potential catalyst to convert carbon dioxide to wealth product methane in simulated natural gas. To produce higher conversion of carbon dioxide, the Response Surface Methodology utilizing Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the lanthanum oxide based catalysts by three critical parameters which were calcination temperature, based ratio and catalyst dosage. The maximum CO₂ conversion was achieved at 1000 ^oC calcination temperature using 7 g of catalyst for 60% based loading. The optimization result from BBD is in good agreement with experimental data. The optimize parameters gave 99% of CO₂ conversion determined using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) and yielded about 50% of CH₄ at reaction temperature of 400 °C. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed an amorphous structure with RuO₂ as active species and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) illustrated the catalyst surface was covered with small and dispersed particles with undefined shape. EDX analysis revealed that when the calcination temperature was increased, the mass ratio of Ru increased.

 

Keywords:  Box-Behnken design, optimization, response surface methodology, lanthanum oxide

 

Abstrak

Mangkin asas lanthanum oksida adalah salah satu mangkin berpotensi menukarkan karbon dioksida kepada produk metana yang banyak dalam simulasi gas asli. Untuk menghasilkan penukaran karbon dioksida yang tinggi, kaedah gerak balas permukaan menggunakan reka bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD) untuk mengoptimumkan mangkin asas lantanum oksida oleh tiga parameter kritikal yang mana suhu kalsin, nisbah asas, dan dos mangkin. Maksimum penukaran CO₂ dicapai pada suhu kalsin 1000 ^oC menggunakan 7 g mangkin untuk 60% nisbah asas. Keputusan pengoptimuman dari BBD adalah selari dengan data eksperimen. Parameter yang optimum memberikan 99% penukaran CO₂ apabila ditentukan menggunakan Inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan menghasilkan 50% metana pada suhu tindak balas 400 ^oC. Analisis pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) menunjukkan struktur amorfus dengan RuO₂ sebagai aktif spesis dan Mikroskop Imbasan Elektron Pancaran Medan ( FESEM ) menunjukkan permukaan mangkin diselaputi dengan partikel yang bersaiz kecik dan terserak sekata tanpa bentuk. Analisis EDX menunjukkan apabila suhu kalsin meningkat, nisbah jisim Ru meningkat.

 

Kata kunci:  reka bentuk Box-Behnken, pengoptimuman, kaedah gerak balas permukaan, lantanum oksida

 

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