Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 4 (2015):
775 - 780
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN
VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Elaeis
guineensis LEAVES EXTRACTS
AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
(Penyaringan Fitokimia dan Aktiviti
Antibakteria Daun Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis) In Vitro Terhadap
Bakteria Patogen Manusia)
Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz*, Umi Nadhirah Halim, Nur Suraya Abdullah
Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology,
Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang,
26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: noorshilawati@pahang.uitm.edu.my
Received:
23 November 2014 Accepted: 27 June 2015
Abstract
Chloroform and methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis leaves were investigated for in vitro antibacterial activity against
the human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Four
different concentrations of both extracts consists of 50, 100, 200 and 300
mg/ml were prepared for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. The
results revealed that chloroform and methonal extract showed high toxicity against all bacterial strain tested. However, both extracts is more effective and exhibit better inhibiting
activity against gram positive bacteria, S.
aureus compared
to gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Methanol extract of Elaeis guineensis
leaves shows greater inhibition zone compared to chloroform extract as
phytochemical screening revealed that this extracts contain terpenoids, tannins
and saponin. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by 300mg/ml
methanolic extracts against S. aureus
which inhibited 10.67 ± 0.33 mm of the diameter zone. Followed by 200mg/ml
methanolic extracts and 300mg/ml chlorofom extracts against S. aureus which inhibited 9.17 ± 0.17 mm and 8.33 ± 1.67 mm
respectively. This result revealed the potentials of Elaeis
guineensis as antibacterial agent
in combating
infections from human pathogenic bacteria. However, further studies, including identification and purification of
the active compounds, will need to be pursued.
Keywords: antibacterial activity, Elaeis guineensis
extracts, human pathogenic bacteria, inhibition zone
Abstrak
Aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak klorofom dan metanol
daun sawit terhadap Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus (bakteria penyebab penyakit manusia) telah
dikaji secara in vitro. Ekstrak daun
sawit disediakan dalam kepekatan yang berbeza (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml)
untuk kajian menggunakan kaedah resapan cakera.
Hasil kajian mendapati ekstrak klorofom dan metanol daun sawit menunjukkan
kadar toksik yang tinggi terhadapt semua strain bakteria yang diuji.
Walaubagaimanapun, kedua-dua ekstrak lebih efektif dan menunjukkan kadar
perencatan yang lebih tinggi terhadap bakteria gram positif iaitu S. aureus berbanding bakteria gram negatif (E. coli
and P. aeruginosa). Kandungan
terpenoid, tanins and saponin yang
dikenalpasti semasa saringan fitokimia penyumbang kepada ekstrak methanol daun
sawit yang menunjukkan kadar perencatan yang lebih tinggi berbanding ekstrak
klorofom. Kadar perencatan yang paling
tinggi adalah 10.67±
0.33 mm dari 300 mg/ml ekstrak metanol terhadap S. aureus. Diikuti oleh 200 mg/ml ekstark metanol dan 300 mg/ml
ekstrak klorofom yang masing-masing merencatkan 9.17 ± 0.17 mm dan 8.33 ± 1.67
mm pertumbuhan S. aureus. Hasil
kajian menunjukkan bahawa daun kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai
agen antibakteria. Walaubagaimanapun, kajian lanjut, termasuklah penulenan dan
pengenalpastian sebatian aktif perlu dijalankan.
Kata
kunci: aktiviti
antibakteria, ekstrak elaeis guineensis, bakteria penyebab penyakit
manusia, kadar perencatan
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