Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 4 (2015): 775 - 780

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Elaeis guineensis LEAVES EXTRACTS

AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

(Penyaringan Fitokimia dan Aktiviti Antibakteria Daun Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis) In Vitro Terhadap Bakteria Patogen Manusia)

Noorshilawati Abdul Aziz^*, Umi Nadhirah Halim, Nur Suraya Abdullah

Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology,

Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang,

26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: noorshilawati@pahang.uitm.edu.my

Received: 23 November 2014 Accepted: 27 June 2015

Abstract

Chloroform and methanol extracts of Elaeis guineensis leaves were investigated for in vitro antibacterial activity against the human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Four different concentrations of both extracts consists of 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml were prepared for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. The results revealed that chloroform and methonal extract showed high toxicity against all bacterial strain tested. However, both extracts is more effective and exhibit better inhibiting activity against gram positive bacteria, S. aureus compared to gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Methanol extract of Elaeis guineensis leaves shows greater inhibition zone compared to chloroform extract as phytochemical screening revealed that this extracts contain terpenoids, tannins and saponin. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by 300mg/ml methanolic extracts against S. aureus which inhibited 10.67 ± 0.33 mm of the diameter zone. Followed by 200mg/ml methanolic extracts and 300mg/ml chlorofom extracts against S. aureus which inhibited 9.17 ± 0.17 mm and 8.33 ± 1.67 mm respectively. This result revealed the potentials of Elaeis guineensis as antibacterial agent in combating infections from human pathogenic bacteria. However, further studies, including identification and purification of the active compounds, will need to be pursued.

Keywords: antibacterial activity, Elaeis guineensis extracts, human pathogenic bacteria, inhibition zone

Abstrak

Aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak klorofom dan metanol daun sawit terhadap Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus (bakteria penyebab penyakit manusia) telah dikaji secara in vitro. Ekstrak daun sawit disediakan dalam kepekatan yang berbeza (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml) untuk kajian menggunakan kaedah resapan cakera. Hasil kajian mendapati ekstrak klorofom dan metanol daun sawit menunjukkan kadar toksik yang tinggi terhadapt semua strain bakteria yang diuji. Walaubagaimanapun, kedua-dua ekstrak lebih efektif dan menunjukkan kadar perencatan yang lebih tinggi terhadap bakteria gram positif iaitu S. aureus berbanding bakteria gram negatif (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Kandungan terpenoid, tanins and saponin yang dikenalpasti semasa saringan fitokimia penyumbang kepada ekstrak methanol daun sawit yang menunjukkan kadar perencatan yang lebih tinggi berbanding ekstrak klorofom. Kadar perencatan yang paling tinggi adalah 10.67± 0.33 mm dari 300 mg/ml ekstrak metanol terhadap S. aureus. Diikuti oleh 200 mg/ml ekstark metanol dan 300 mg/ml ekstrak klorofom yang masing-masing merencatkan 9.17 ± 0.17 mm dan 8.33 ± 1.67 mm pertumbuhan S. aureus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa daun kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai agen antibakteria. Walaubagaimanapun, kajian lanjut, termasuklah penulenan dan pengenalpastian sebatian aktif perlu dijalankan.

Kata kunci: aktiviti antibakteria, ekstrak elaeis guineensis, bakteria penyebab penyakit manusia, kadar perencatan

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