(Pencemaran Radionuklid
Semulajadi dan Logam Berat di dalam Air Laut di Kawasan Persisiran Pantai Kuala
Langat)
Sabarina Md
Yunus* Zaini Hamzah, Ab Khalik Hj Wood, Ahmad Saat
Faculty
of Applied Sciences,
Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: sabarina2020@salam.uitm.edu.my
Received: 23 November 2014; Accepted: 27 June 2015
Abstract
Rapid
industrial developments along the Langat river basin play an important role in
contributing to the increases of pollution loading at Kuala Langat coastal
area. The major pollutant sources in this area may be originating from human
activities such as industrial discharge, domestic sewage, construction,
agriculture and pig farming near the tributaries that affects the water
quality. In addition, Langat and Semenyih rivers flow through the mining and
ex-mining area, which is related to the source of natural radionuclides
contamination. Heavy metals in the
aquatic environment and more likely to enter the food chain. This study is
focusing to the levels of radionuclides and heavy metals in seawater. The
samples were collected using appropriate water sampler, which is then acidified
until pH 2 and filtered using cellulose acetate 0.45 μm. The concentration of these radionuclides and
heavy metals were determined using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
(ICPMS) after dilution. In general, the radionuclides and heavy metals
concentrations are lower than Malaysia Marine Water Quality Standard (MMWQS)
except for few locations where the concentration levels above the standards.
The higher concentration of pollutant in the seawater may have a toxic effect
on sensitive plants and living organisms. The results of pollution levels of
these radionuclides and heavy metals were also compared with other studies.
Keywords: heavy metals, pollution,
radionuclides, uranium, thorium
Abstrak
Perkembangan
perindustrian yang pesat di sepanjang lembangan Sungai Langat memainkan peranan
yang penting dalam menyumbang kepada peningkatan beban pencemaran di kawasan
pantai Kuala Langat. Sumber pencemar utama di kawasan ini terdiri daripada
aktiviti manusia seperti pelepasan industri, kumbahan domestik, pembinaan, pertanian
dan penternakan babi berhampiran anak sungai yang menjejaskan kualiti air. Di
samping itu, Sungai Langat dan Semenyih mengalir melalui kawasan perlombongan
dan bekas lombong yang berkaitan dengan punca pencemaran radionuklid semula
jadi. Logam berat dalam persekitaran akuatik lebih cenderung untuk memasuki
rantai makanan. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada tahap radionuklid dan logam
berat dalam air laut. Sampel telah dikumpulkan menggunakan sampler air yang
sesuai, yang kemudiannya diasidkan sehingga pH 2 dan ditapis menggunakan
selulosa asetat 0.45 μm. Kepekatan radionuklid dan logam berat telah
ditentukan menggunakan plasma induktif spektrometer jisim (ICPMS) selepas
pencairan. Secara umum, radionuklid dan kepekatan logam berat adalah lebih rendah
daripada Malaysia Standard Kualiti Air Marin (MMWQS) kecuali di beberapa lokasi
di mana tahap kepekatan di atas piawaian. Kepekatan yang tinggi bahan pencemar
dalam air laut yang mungkin mempunyai kesan toksik pada tanaman yang sensitif
dan organisma hidup. Keputusan tahap pencemaran ini radionuklid dan logam berat
juga dibandingkan dengan kajian-kajian lain.
Kata kunci: logam
berat, pencemaran, radionuklid, uranium, thorium
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