The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 17 No 1 (2013): 153 – 163

PALM OLEIN BASED BIOLUBRICANT BASESTOCKS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION, TRIBOLOGICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

(Stok Asas Biolubrikan Berasaskan Minyak Sawit Olein: Sintesis, Pencirian,

Analisis Tribologi dan Reologi)

Darfizzi Derawi^1,2 and Jumat Salimon^1*

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²International Education College (INTEC),

UiTM Section 17 Campus, 40200 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: jumat@ukm.my

Abstract

Palm olein (PO_o) was modified through chemical reaction to produce biolubricant basestock (di-oleate-PO_o and oleate-ether-PO_o). PO_o was epoxidised to produce epoxidised palm olein (EPO_o), then ring opening process were performed by hydrolysis and alcoholysis to produce di-hydroxy-PO_o and hydroxy-ether-PO_o. Both intermediate products were esterified with oleic acid to produce di-oleate-PO_o and oleate-ether-PO_o. Detection analyses were done by using fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMRand¹³C-NMR). Di-oleate-PO_o recorded of its oxidative stability (140 ^oC), pour point (-5 ^oC), flash and fire point (215 ^oC and 245 ^oC), kinematic viscosity about 417.5 cSt (40 ^oC) and 45.4 cSt (100 ^oC) with the viscosity index of 166. While, oleate-ether-PO_o recorded of its oxidative stability (178 ^oC), pour point (1 ^oC), flash and fire point (190 ^oC dan 210 ^oC), kinematic viscosity about 113.7 cSt (40 ^oC) and 21.5 cSt (100 ^oC) with the viscosity index of 217. The biolubricant basestocks grade of ISO VG 460 (di-oleate-PO_o) and ISO VG 100 (oleate-ether-PO_o) were successfully produced. Di-oleate-PO_o and oleate-ether-PO_o were Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. Both products were hydrodynamic lubricant with low friction coefficients at 40 ^oC and 100 ^oC.

Keywords: Biolubricant Basestock, Palm Olein, Tribology, Rheology

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