Malays. J. Anal. Sci. Volume 30 Number 3 (2026): 1763

 

Research Article

 

Green combustion synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) and tin doped magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgSnO-NPs) using Persicaria odorata (PO) extract

 

Nor Syazwanie Mohd Saidi1, Nurhanna Badar1,2*, Hanis Mohd Yusoff1,2, and Kelimah Elong3,4

 

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

 2Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Center for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

4School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: nurhanna.badar@umt.edu.my

 

Received: 28 October 2025; Revised: 23 April 2026; Accepted: 10 May 2026; Published: 30 June 2026

 

Abstract

Green synthesis is currently trending as researchers transition to a more sustainable approach in nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, Persicaria odorata leaf extract was used to synthesize MgO-NPs and Mg1-xSnxO-NPs (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) via the green combustion method. Phytochemical tests conducted on the extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, which are believed to impart combustion properties to the leaves. The precursors were subsequently calcined at 700℃ for 8 hours. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of Mg-O (stretching) vibrations in the range of 400 cm-1 to 500 cm-1 for MgO and MgSnO precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm that MgO-NPs and Mg0.99Sn0.01O are pure and single phase. However, as Sn content increased to 3% and 5%, multiphases corresponding to SnO2 were observed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that all samples consist of a mix of spherical and irregular polyhedral shapes. Reflectance spectra show that band gap narrowing occurs as the dopant concentration increases. Photodegradation of methylene blue under natural sunlight was conducted for photocatalytic studies. Findings revealed that the Mg0.99Sn0.01O sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving 95% dye degradation within 180 min.

 

Keywords: green combustion synthesis, magnesium oxide nanoparticles, tin-doped magnesium oxide nanoparticles, Persicaria odorata, band gap

 

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