Malays. J. Anal. Sci. Volume 29 Number 5 (2025): 1457

Review Article

Exploring synthesis of pyrrolidine-based iminosugars for antihypertensive therapy: A mini-review

Nur Khairunsyahida Nazri^1,2, Noor Hidayah Pungot^1,2*, Agustono Wibowo^1,3, and Mohd Fazli Mohammat^1,2

¹Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor.

²School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, Pahang, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: noorhidayah977@uitm.edu.my

Received: 9 January 2025; Revised: 8 October 2025; Accepted: 10 October 2025; Published: 31 October 2025

Abstract

Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent and challenging cardiovascular disorders, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional drug classes. Pyrrolidine-based iminosugars have gained increasing attention as promising candidates for antihypertensive therapy owing to their close structural resemblance to carbohydrates. Their potent glycosidase inhibitory activity enables modulation of key enzymatic pathways associated with vascular function and blood pressure regulation. This mini-review explores recent advances in the synthesis of pyrrolidine-based iminosugars, with particular emphasis on methodologies such as D-glycal derivatization, nucleophilic substitution, and targeted functional group transformations. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging preclinical findings that underscore their therapeutic potential in hypertension management. By bridging synthetic innovations with biological insights, this work provides a critical perspective on the translational potential of pyrrolidine-based iminosugars and outlines opportunities for their integration into future antihypertensive drug discovery pipelines.

Keywords: Pyrrolidine-based iminosugar, carbohydrate, glycosidase inhibitory, antihypertensive drug

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