Malays. J. Anal. Sci. Volume 29 Number 4 (2025): 1564

Research Article

Innovative oil removal technology: Graphene oxide@ZIF-8 on alumina hollow fibre membranes

Dayang Norafizan Awang Chee^1*, Faezrul Zackry Abdul Halim¹, Muhammad Shamil Soffian¹, Nur Afiqah Kamaludin¹, Claudeareena Garlding¹, Mohamed Afizal Mohamed Amin², and Farhana Aziz³

¹Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

²Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

³Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: dnorafizan@unimas.my

Received: 7 May 2025; Revised: 17 July 2025; Accepted: 21 July 2025; Published: 29 August 2025

Abstract

Oily wastewater pollution poses a severe threat to freshwater resources, marine ecosystems, and human health. To address this, a graphene oxide (GO) based nanocomposite membrane integrated with Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) was constructed on a pristine alumina (Al₂O₃) hollow fibre support. The resulting GO@ZIF-8/Al₂O₃ membrane exhibited a high surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, enhancing its oil adsorption and separation performance. GO was synthesized via a modified Hummers’ method, followed by in situ solvothermal assembly with ZIF-8. The membrane structure was characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Batch adsorption and crossflow filtration studies were performed to evaluate membrane performance. Adsorption data fit well to the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.98046) and pseudo-second order kinetics (R² = 0.98247), indicating multilayer chemisorption. The GO_(2:1)@ZIF-8/Al₂O₃ membrane achieved up to 96.32% oil removal and maintained 90.08% rejection after six reuse cycles. Compared to the pristine membrane, which showed only 33.65 Lm^-2h^-1 flux, the modified membrane achieved 92.15 Lm^-2h^-1, a 173.9% improvement. These findings demonstrate a robust and reusable membrane system with excellent potential for practical oily wastewater treatment.

Keywords: graphene oxide, membrane, oil removal, reusability, zeolitic imidazoalate framework-8

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