Malays. J. Anal. Sci. Volume 29 Number 3 (2025): 1231

 

Research Article

 

Development of supramolecular-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SM-DLLME) for the determination of acrylamide in food samples via HPLC analysis

 

Shahida Hilal MD Hussin1, Faizah Mohammad Yunus1, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain2, Noorfatimah Yahaya2, Hemavathy Surikumaran3, Waleed Alahmad4, Kavirajaa Pandian Sambasevam5,6, and Muggundha Raoov1,7*

 

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

3Faculty of Bioeconomic and Health Sciences Universiti Geomatika Malaysia, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

5School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia

6Electrochemical Material and Sensor (EMaS) Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia

7Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: muggundha@um.edu.my

 

Received: 20 June 2024; Revised: 23 March 2025; Accepted: 13 April 2025; Published: 29 June 2025

 

Abstract

The study presents a successfully developed supramolecular-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SM-DLLME) for the determination of acrylamide in food samples via HPLC analysis. The detection and quantification of acrylamide was performed at a wavelength of 210 nm. A thorough optimization was performed for seven extraction parameters via the one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) method. Using the refined experimental parameters, this technique achieved good linearity ranging from 100 to 1000 µg kg-1 accompanied by the coefficient of determination, R2 value of 0.9967, high sensitivity with low limit of detection (LOD) value at 13 µg kg-1, limit of quantification (LOQ) at 40 µg kg-1 and excellent recovery of 91.4-105 %. The method provides a good precision value with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 1.5 % for both intra and inter-day. The SM-DLLME technique managed to extract acrylamide in food samples by applying the green chemistry concept in a fast and efficient way. The developed and validated method for the determination of acrylamide was applied to real food samples with six different types of potato fries obtained from three different fast-food restaurants, frozen potato fries cooked via deep-fried and air-fried, along with homemade potato fries.

 

Keywords: SM-DLLME, acrylamide, 1-pentanol, HPLC, potato fries

 

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