Malays. J. Anal. Sci. Volume 29 Number 1 (2025): 1245

Research Article

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity on methanolic extract of Boesenbergia stenophylla (Jerangau Merah) rhizome against waterborne bacteria

Emmanuelle Usun Stephen, and Samuel Lihan^*

Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: emma.usun@gmail.com

Received: 4 July 2024; Revised: 24 October 2024; Accepted: 29 October 2024; Published: 5 February 2025

Abstract

Boesenbergia stenophylla, locally known as Jerangau Merah, is a native wild ginger in Borneo Highlands, Sarawak. It is commonly used by the local as a traditional medicine for various diseases. The purposes of the current study are to investigate the phytochemicals and evaluate the antibacterial activities of methanolic B. stenophylla rhizome extract against Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Citrobacter sp. and Enterobacter sp. The rhizomes of B. stenophylla were extracted with pure methanol using Soxhlet method at 64°C for 8 h. The antibacterial properties of methanol extract were assessed using disc-diffusion assay. Phytochemical assays analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and phenols. The antibacterial activity revealed that the extract had high to moderate inhibition against the growth of Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. at 100 mg/mL, with inhibition zones of 16.3 mm and 11.3 mm, respectively. Thus, the methanolic extract from B. stenophylla has potential to act as antibacterial agent.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Boesenbergia stenophylla, Jerangau Merah, phytochemical assays, Soxhlet apparatus

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