Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 6 (2024): 1258 - 1269

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Helianthus annuus SEED OIL

(Sifat Fisikokimia, Komposisi Asid Lemak dan Pencirian Minyak Biji Helianthus annuus)

Muhammad Muizzuddin Khairuddin¹, Asiah Abdullah^1,2 and Nurazira Mohd Nor^1,2*

¹School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences,Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah,72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

²Material, Inorganic and Oleochemistry (MaterInOleo) Research Initiative Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan Kampus Kuala Pilah,72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

^*Corresponding author: nurazira@uitm.edu.my

Received: 17 April 2024; Accepted: 26 August 2024; Published: 29 December 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of Helianthus annuus seed oil (sunflower oil, SFO) to evaluate its suitability and quality as a raw material in various industries. Analysis revealed the following properties: percentage of free fatty acids, FFA% (0.072%), acid value (0.14 mg KOH/g), iodine value (118.01 g I2/100g), saponification value (190.37 mg KOH/g), moisture content (0.091%), refractive index (1.475), specific gravity (0.9211), color (0.4R 4Y), pour point (-13 °C), flash point (280 °C), kinetic viscosity at 40 °C (30.54 cSt) and 100 °C (7.22 cSt), viscosity index (163), rheology (Newtonian) and thermal oxidative stability (353.8 °C). Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the fatty acid composition of SFO, with linoleic acid (51.18%) and oleic acid (33.11%) being the predominant fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid (8.12%) and stearic acid (5.06%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were utilized to characterize the functional group and structure of SFO. These findings suggest that SFO exhibits favorable physicochemical properties, rendering it suitable for both industrial applications and as an edible oil.

Keywords: Helianthus annuus, sunflower oil, physicochemical properties, fatty acids composition, characterization

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sifat fisikokimia minyak biji Helianthus annuus (minyak bunga matahari, SFO) untuk kesesuaian sebagai bahan mentah dalam pelbagai industri. Analisis menunjukkan sifat-sifat seperti berikut: peratusan asid lemak bebas, FFA% (0.072%), nilai asid (0.14 mg KOH/g), nilai iodin (118.01 g I2/100g), nilai saponifikasi (190.37 mg KOH/g), kandungan lembapan (0.091%), indeks bias (1.475), graviti spesifik (0.9211), warna (0.4R 4Y), titik tuang (-13 °C), titik kilat (280 °C), viskositi kinetik pada 40 °C (30.54 cSt) dan 100 °C (7.22 cSt), indeks viskositi (163), dan kestabilan oksidatif terma (353.8 °C). Selain itu, analisis kromatografi gas-spektrometri jisim (GC-MS) menunjukkan komposisi asid lemak SFO, dengan asid linoleik (51.18%) dan asid oleik (33.11%) menjadi asid lemak dominan, diikuti oleh asid palmitik (8.12%) dan asid stearik (5.06%). Spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan resonans magnetik nuklear (NMR) digunakan untuk pengecaman kumpulan berfungsi dan struktur SFO. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa SFO mempunyai sifat fisikokimia yang baik, menjadikannya sesuai untuk aplikasi industri dan sebagai minyak makan.

Kata kunci: Helianthus annuus, minyak bunga matahari, sifat fisikokimia, komposisi asid lemak, pencirian

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