Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 5 (2024): 1071 - 1086

 

OPTIMIZATION OF CALCIUM OXIDE EXTRACTION FROM CARBIDE LIME VIA ACID LEACHING: A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS

 

(Pengoptimuman Pengekstrakan Kalsium Oksida Daripada Kapur Karbida Melalui Pencucian Asid: Analisis Kaedah Tindak Balas Permukaan)

 

Mohamad Jamil Arif Mansor1, Kevin Wong Pak Hieng1, Siti Nor Amira Rosli1, Nur Hidayati Othman2,

Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff3, and Sumaiya Zainal Abidin4,5*

 

1Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

2School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA , 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

4Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (FLUID CENTRE), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

5Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao St, Go Vap, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

 

*Corresponding Author : sumaiya@umpsa.edu.my

 

 

Received: 13 May 2024; Accepted: 9 July 2024; Published:  27 October 2024

 

 

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) is one of the inorganic compounds that is widely used in industry. CaO is typically obtained through the thermal decomposition of calcite (calcium carbonate). However, with the growing need for CaO, an eco-friendly approach has emerged that focuses on deriving calcium oxide from calcium waste, especially carbide lime. The escalation in carbide lime waste is linked to the surging demand for acetylene gas, significantly contributing to the production of this by-product. The objective of this paper is to extract CaO from carbide lime by studying the interaction of each condition affects the extraction process. By using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) with Design Expert® software, the study aims to find the best conditions for extracting CaO from carbide lime. It focuses on factors like acid concentration, leaching temperature, and solid-to-liquid ratio as independent variables. Based on RSM results, the solid-liquid ratio (S/L ratio) has a strong effect on the purity of extracted CaO, while the acid concentration and leaching temperature have the most significant effect on the yield. The best conditions to achieve the maximum yield and purity of CaO include a 2 M acetic acid concentration, a leaching temperature of 58.32 °C, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 9.72 g/100 mL.  Based on the optimum condition of the experiment, it has resulted in a yield of 64.20% and a purity of 98.63%.

 

Keywords: calcium oxide, carbide lime, acid leaching, response surface methodology, optimization

 

 

 

Abstrak

Kalsium oksida (CaO) merupakan salah satu sebatian tak organik yang digunakan secara meluas dalam industri. CaO biasanya diperoleh melalui penguraian terma kalsit (kalsium karbonat). Walau bagaimanapun, dengan keperluan yang semakin meningkat untuk CaO, pendekatan mesra alam telah muncul yang memberi tumpuan kepada memperoleh kalsium oksida daripada sisa kalsium, terutamanya kapur karbida. Peningkatan dalam sisa kapur karbida dikaitkan dengan permintaan yang meningkat untuk gas asetilena, menyumbang dengan ketara kepada pengeluaran produk sampingan ini. Objektif kertas ini adalah untuk mengekstrak CaO daripada kapur karbida dengan mengkaji interaksi setiap keadaan yang mempengaruhi proses pengekstrakan. Dengan menggunakan tindak balas permukaan (RSM) dan reka bentuk komposit berpusat (CCD) dengan perisian Design Expert®, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mencari keadaan terbaik untuk mengekstrak CaO daripada kapur karbida. Ia memberi tumpuan kepada faktor seperti kepekatan asid, suhu larut lesap dan nisbah pepejal kepada cecair sebagai pembolehubah bebas. Berdasarkan keputusan RSM, nisbah pepejal-cecair (nisbah S/L) mempunyai kesan yang kuat terhadap ketulenan CaO yang diekstrak, manakala kepekatan asid dan suhu larut lesap mempunyai kesan yang paling ketara ke atas hasil. Keadaan terbaik untuk mencapai hasil maksimum dan ketulenan CaO termasuk kepekatan asid asetik 2 M, suhu larut lesap 58.32 °C, dan nisbah pepejal kepada cecair 9.72 g/100 mL. Berdasarkan keadaan optimum eksperimen, ia telah memperoleh hasil sebanyak 64.20% dan ketulenan 98.63%.

 

Kata kunci: kalsium oksida, kapur karbida, lesap asid, kaedah tindak balas permukaan, pengoptimuman

 

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