Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 5 (2024): 1012 – 1031

REINFORCEMENT OF EPOXY RESIN-POLYIMIDE COMPOSITES USING MAGNETIC-CARBON NANOFIBER AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE AS HYBRID FILLER FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING MATERIAL

(Penguatan Komposit Resin Epoksi-Polimida Menggunakan Karbon Nanofiber Magnetik dan Titanium Dioksida Sebagai Pengisian Hibrid Untuk Material Perisai Gangguan Elektromagnetik)

Dini Deviana Saputri¹, Teguh Endah Saraswati^1*, Wijang Wisnu Raharjo², and Putri Ayu Anggoro¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

^*Corresponding author: teguh@mipa.uns.ac.id

Received: 8 September 2023; Accepted: 17 July 2024; Published: 27 October 2024

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites with hybrid fillers have been used as alternative materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The combination of magnetic-carbon nanofiber (Mag-CNF) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) produces a unique hybrid filler which can improve the physical and mechanical properties of polymer materials. This research focuses on evaluating the effects of adding aminated Mag-CNF-TiO₂ as a hybrid filler in epoxy resin-polyimide composites. Amination was performed by reacting Mag-CNF and TiO₂ with ethylenediamine (C₂H₈N₂), sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The aminated hybrid filler was then used to reinforce epoxy resin and polyimide composites. The macroscopic appearance of the composites shows increased homogeneity or uniformity. The successful amination was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing the presence of the amine functional group as indicated by the amine absorption at 3773 cm^-1 (N-H) and 1336 cm^-1 (C-N). Then, the covalent reinforcement of epoxy resin-polyimide composite with aminated Mag-CNF-TiO₂ hybrid filler was assessed based on thermal properties, mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness), and electromagnetic interference radiation. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) profiles showed degradation of the composite because the chemical bonds between the polyimide and epoxy resin have broken. Owing to the stronger covalent crosslinks between the polymer and the filler, composites with amine-modified fillers exhibit higher mechanical properties than those without reinforcement. Furthermore, the epoxy resin-polyimide composite reinforced by aminated Mag-CNF-TiO₂ also demonstrated improved electromagnetic shielding ability.

Keywords: magnetic-carbon nanofiber, titanium dioxide, epoxy resin, polyimide, EMI shielding

Abstrak

Nanokomposit polimer dengan pengisi hibrid telah digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif untuk aplikasi menyerap gangguan elektromagnet (EMI). Gabungan nanofiber karbon magnetik (Mag-CNF) dan titanium dioksida (TiO₂) menghasilkan pengisi hibrid unik yang boleh meningkatkan sifat fizikal dan mekanikal bahan polimer. Penyelidikan ini memberi tumpuan kepada menilai kesan penambahan Mag-CNF-TiO₂ yang diamin sebagai pengisi hibrid dalam komposit resin epoksi/polimida. Aminasi dilakukan dengan bertindak balas Mag-CNF dan TiO₂ dengan ethylenediamine (C₂H₈N₂), natrium nitrit (NaNO₂), dan asid sulfurik (H₂SO₄). Pengisi hibrid aminat kemudiannya digunakan untuk mengukuhkan resin epoksi dan komposit polimida. Penampilan makroskopik komposit menunjukkan peningkatan kehomogenan atau keseragaman. Aminasi yang berjaya dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), mendedahkan kehadiran kumpulan berfungsi amina seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh penyerapan amina pada 3773 cm^-1 (N-H) dan 1336 cm^-1 (C-N). Kemudian, tetulang kovalen bagi komposit resin-polimida epoksi dengan pengisi hibrid Mag-CNF-TiO₂ yang diaminkan telah dinilai berdasarkan sifat terma, sifat mekanikal (kekuatan tegangan dan kekerasan), dan sinaran gangguan elektromagnet. Profil analisis gravimetrik terma (TGA) menunjukkan kemerosotan komposit kerana ikatan kimia antara resin polimida dan epoksi telah pecah. Disebabkan oleh pautan silang kovalen yang lebih kuat antara polimer dan pengisi, komposit dengan pengisi diubah suai amina menunjukkan sifat mekanikal yang lebih tinggi daripada yang tanpa tetulang. Tambahan pula, komposit resin-polimida epoksi yang diperkukuh oleh Mag-CNF-TiO₂ yang diamin juga menunjukkan keupayaan penyerapan elektromagnet yang lebih baik.

Kata kunci: karbon nanofiber magnetik, titanium dioksida, resin epoksi, polimida, perisai EMI

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