Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 28 No 4 (2024): 790 - 800

 

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYPYRROLE WITH CHEMICAL OXIDATION BY IRON(III) CHLORIDE, MICROEMULSION POLYMERISATION BY AMMONIUM PERSULFATE AND MICROEMULSION POLYMERISATION BY FeCl3

 

(Satu Kajian Perbandingan Ciri-Ciri Struktur dan Morfologi Polipirol dengan Pengoksidaan Kimia oleh Besi (III) Klorida, Pempolimeran Mikroemulsi oleh Ammonium Persulfat dan Pempolimeran Mikroemulsi oleh FeCl3)

 

Manash Jyoti Das1, Mohd Zaki Mohd Yusoff1,2*, Suraya Ahmad Kamil1,2, Ali H. Jawad Al-Taie3,

and Muhammad Syarifuddin Yahya4

 

1School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences

2NANO-SciTech Lab (NST), Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology (CFMN), Institute of Sciences (IOS)

3Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

4Energy Storage Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: mzmy83@gmail.com

 

 

Received: 12 March 2024; Accepted: 11 June 2024; Published:  27 August 2024

 

 

Abstract

Polypyrrole polymers are special polymers in which it has good conductivity of electricity for use in various fields due to its biocompatibility, thermal stability, easy to produce, etc. By use of various polymerisation methods like electro-chemical polymerisation, chemical polymerisation, microemulsion polymerisation, ultra-sonification polymerisation, vapour phase polymerisation, etc., pyrrole monomer is synthesised with various oxidants, dopants, surfactants, etc., to produce polypyrrole polymers. Two methods are widely used to produce polypyrrole one is chemical oxidation, and another is microemulsion polymerisation. There are few research papers on comparative studies of two methods and also between the two-oxidising agent used in the microemulsion method. The main objective is to compare both chemical oxidation by FeCl3 polymerisation with microemulsion by iron(III) chloride and recompare the microemulsion by ammonium persulfate (APS) with microemulsion by iron(III) chloride. Therefore, three samples were first created: 0.1 M chemical oxidation, where iron(III) chloride was used as oxidising agent and sodium dodecyl sulfate as dopant. The second sample was 0.1 M microemulsion where ammonium persulfate was used as oxidant, sodium dodecyl sulfate as dopant, amyl alcohol as stabiliser. The three samples were 0.1 M microemulsion, where the oxidant was iron(III) chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate acted as dopant, and amyl alcohol as the co-dopant. The three samples were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The test result from EIS shows that the conductivity of 0.1 M chemical oxidation is 0.2211 S/cm, and that of 0.1 M microemulsion polymerisation is 0.9958 S/cm, and 0.1 M microemulsion by FeCl3 is 1.1619 S/cm. The result from characterisation shows the successful development of polypyrrole, which can be used in fuel cell, supercapacitors, electrodes, biosensors, etc.

 

Keywords: polypyrrole, polymerisation, microemulsion

 

Abstrak

Polimer polipirol adalah polimer khas yang mempunyai kekonduksian elektrik yang baik untuk digunakan dalam pelbagai bidang kerana biokompatibilitinya, kestabilan haba, kemudahan penghasilan, dan sebagainya. Dengan menggunakan pelbagai kaedah pempolimeran seperti pempolimeran elektro-kimia, pempolimeran kimia, pempolimeran mikroemulsi, pempolimeran ultra-sonifikasi, pempolimeran fasa wap, dan lain-lain, monomer pirol disintesiskan dengan pelbagai oksidan, pendop, surfaktan, dan lain-lain untuk menghasilkan polimer polipirol. Dua kaedah yang digunakan secara meluas untuk menghasilkan polipirol ialah pengoksidaan kimia dan pempolimeran mikroemulsi. Terdapat beberapa kertas penyelidikan mengenai kajian perbandingan dua kaedah ini dan juga antara agen pengoksidaan yang digunakan dalam kaedah mikroemulsi. Objektif utama adalah untuk membandingkan kedua-dua pengoksidaan kimia oleh pempolimeran FeCl3 dengan mikroemulsi oleh besi (III) klorida serta membandingkan mikroemulsi oleh APS dengan mikroemulsi oleh besi (III) klorida. Oleh itu, tiga sampel pertama kali dicipta: pengoksidaan kimia 0.1 M, di mana besi (III) klorida digunakan sebagai agen pengoksidaan dan natrium dodekil sulfat sebagai pendop. Sampel kedua ialah 0.1 M mikroemulsi di mana ammonium persulfat digunakan sebagai oksidan, natrium dodekil sulfat sebagai dopant, dan alkohol amil sebagai penstabil. Sampel ketiga ialah 0.1 M mikroemulsi, di mana oksidan adalah besi (III) klorida, natrium dodekil sulfat bertindak sebagai pendop, dan alkohol amil sebagai pendop bersama. Ketiga-tiga sampel itu dikaji menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), mikroskopi elektron pengimbasan pancaran medan (FESEM), spesifikasi sinar-X penyebaran tenaga (XRD), dan spektroskopi impedans elektrokimia (EIS). Keputusan ujian daripada EIS menunjukkan bahawa kekonduksian pengoksidaan kimia 0.1 M ialah 0.2211 S/cm, pempolimeran mikroemulsi 0.1 M ialah 0.9958 S/cm, dan mikroemulsi 0.1 M oleh FeCl3 ialah 1.1619 S/cm. Hasil daripada pencirian menunjukkan kejayaan pembangunan polipirol, yang boleh digunakan dalam sel bahan api, superkapasitor, elektrod, biosensor, dan lain-lain.

 

Kata kunci: polipirol, pempolimeran, mikroemulsi

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